Jaw-opening muscle contracts more economically than jaw-closing muscle in rat.

Mandibular movement is achieved by coordinated actions of the jaw muscles. To understand the assigned functional role (e.g., motor or postural role) of each jaw muscle, we characterised not only their contractile and energy-consumption properties but also their compositions of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. The Ca(2+)-dependent isometric tension development and ATPase activity were simultaneously measured in chemically skinned fibers harvested from rat jaw-closing (masseter and temporalis) and jaw-opening (digastric) muscles. After the measurements of isometric tension development and ATPase activity, the MHC compositions in each preparation were determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The Ca(2+)-sensitivity of isometric tension development and ATPase activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the digastric fibers than in the masseter and the temporalis fibers. The tension cost (ATPase activity/tension) was significantly (P<0.0001) lower in the digastric fibers than in the masseter and the temporalis fibers. The MHCs in the digastric fibers consisted of a mixture of slow type I and fast type II isoforms, while mostly fast type II isoforms in the masseter and temporalis fibers. These results suggest that in rat the jaw-opening muscle contracts more efficiently in terms of the energy use (i.e., more efficient ATP consumption for tension generation) than the jaw-closing muscle.