Surgical education and training have progressed through the centuries, with the most commonly used model being the apprentice model. With advances in medical knowledge and practice, the apprentice model has evolved and competing models have arisen. However, the apprentice model remains the gold standard today, but for future use, further evolutionary changes will need to be made to the apprentice model if it is to continue to remain an effective education paradigm.
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A threshold model to determine the association between race rides and fall risk for early career (apprentice) jockeys.
J Sci Med Sport
October 2024
School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, New Zealand; School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, New Zealand.
Objectives: To identify descriptors associated with success in apprentice jockeys and to determine optimum numbers of jockeys for safer race riding.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Methods: Incidence-rates for jockey falls and success (wins per 1,000 race-starts), time and number of races spent at different apprentice levels were calculated for 807 apprentice and professional jockeys over 19 years of Thoroughbred flat racing in New Zealand (n = 524,551 race-starts).
The Current Landscape of Endoscopic Submucosal Training in the United States.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep
December 2025
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Purpose Of Review: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been found to increase en bloc and R0 resection as well as decrease risk of recurrence. However, despite literature supporting the benefits of endoscopic submucosal dissection, adoption of ESD in the United States has been challenging, driven by factors including requirement for specialized training as well as limitations in training availability.
Recent Findings: Many devices have been developed to improve ease and therefore adoption for the procedure, with advancements in stability, resection as well as closure of the mucosal defect following resection.
Can high-fidelity 3D models be a good alternative for cadaveric materials in skill assessment for endoscopic sinus surgery? A comparison study in assessment for surgical performance in 3D models and cadavers.
Front Med (Lausanne)
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Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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- * Seventeen otolaryngologists performed Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) on both 3D-printed models and cadavers, with their performance evaluated using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) and the time taken for procedures.
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Teaching Strategies in Interventional Radiology: A Narrative Review of the Literature.
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Interventional and Diagnostic Radiologist, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Introduction: Interventional radiology (IR) is a rapidly developing speciality where innovation-especially in teaching practices-is vital. With workforce and capacity shortages, synthesis of classical educational theories and novel strategies utilising virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) provide opportunities to make teaching as efficient and effective as possible. The aim of this review is to examine the literature on different approaches in IR teaching and learning in undergraduates and postgraduates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors influencing metal concentrations in hair and nails during longitudinal follow-up of apprentice welders.
J Toxicol Environ Health A
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Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing observed increased metal biomarkers of exposure levels in a group of 116 Quebec apprentice welders during a longitudinal follow-up of exposure. Analysis of 14 metals was carried out in hair, fingernail, and toenail samples taken from participants over the course of their welding curriculum at 6 different times. Personal and socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and other potential confounding factors were documented by questionnaire.
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