Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of inflammation is based on the in vivo magnetic labelling of macrophages, the most abundant cells involved in the post-ischemic inflammatory response, by nanoparticles of iron oxides. Such approach has been successfully applied to study experimental rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia and has proved feasible in pioneer clinical studies. Despite current limitations, MRI of inflammation may become an important tool for the investigation of novel ischemic stroke therapeutics targeted at inflammation.
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