Ivermectin resistance in Onchocerca volvulus: toward a genetic basis.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America.

Published: August 2007

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Introduction: This study aimed to understand the origin and to explain the maintenance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) isolated from food-producing animals in a third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-free farm.

Methods: Culture and molecular approaches were used to test molecules other than 3GC such as antibiotics (tetracycline and oxytetracycline), antiparasitics (ivermectin, flumethrin, fenbendazol, and amitraz), heavy metal [arsenic, HNO, aluminum, HNO, cadmium (CdSO), zinc (ZnCl), copper (CuSO), iron (FeCl), and aluminum (AlSO)], and antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene) as sources of selective pressure. Whole-genome sequencing using short read (Illumina™) and long read (Nanopore™) technologies was performed on 34 genomes.

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Large-scale production of infective larvae from engorged .

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Parasite and Vector Research Unit (PAVRU), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.

Background: is transmitted by species and affects hundred millions of inhabitants in about 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It is known that Mansonellosis due to do not result in a clear clinical picture, but down-regulates the immunity of patients predisposing them to other diseases like tuberculosis, HIV and malaria or damping vaccine efficacy. However, research about novel drugs against this filarial nematode is missing because of the lack of parasite material.

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The Ivermectin Related Compound Moxidectin Can Target Apicomplexan Importin α and Limit Growth of Malarial Parasites.

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Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.

Signal-dependent transport into and out of the nucleus mediated by members of the importin (IMP) superfamily is crucial for eukaryotic function, with inhibitors targeting IMPα being of key interest as anti-infectious agents, including against the apicomplexan species and , causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively. We recently showed that the FDA-approved macrocyclic lactone ivermectin, as well as several other different small molecule inhibitors, can specifically bind to and inhibit and IMPα functions, as well as limit parasite growth. Here we focus on the FDA-approved antiparasitic moxidectin, a structural analogue of ivermectin, for its IMPα-targeting and anti-apicomplexan properties for the first time.

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Cyathostomins are the most abundant equid endoparasites globally. There are approximately fifty cyathostomin species and, whilst they occupy distinct niches within the large intestine, they are generally considered to share similar characteristics in terms of pathogenicity and response to drug treatment. There are three classes of anthelmintic licensed in the UK to treat cyathostomins (benzimidazoles, tetrahydropyrimidines and macrocyclic lactones) and cases of resistance have been documented for all classes.

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Study of the Drug Resistance Function of Ivermectin-Resistance-Related miRNAs in Haemonchus contortus.

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Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Hohhot, Hohhot, China.

Haemonchus contortus has caused significant economic losses in many regions. The emergence of drug resistance has created new difficulties for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in cattle and sheep. The mechanism of drug resistance to ivermectin in H.

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