The present study examines how rats process object information in relation to other objects as well as to the global shape of an enclosure. Rats were introduced into either a round or a square arena with various arrays of freestanding portable corners (objects) that differed in spacing, orientation, and number. We found that the time spent at the objects was substantially higher in the round compared with the square arena. Rats in the square arena distributed their time evenly between arena perimeter and objects; however, they visited the objects more frequently than the perimeter. Rats tested in either round or square arena favored staying at the interior of the object regardless of its orientation in the arena. Finally, only geometric changes in the object array affected the rats' level of activity. These findings demonstrate that the rats were able to detect the geometry of the enclosure, the array, and the objects. We suggest that the context of the global enclosure geometry affects the meaning of landmarks (objects) for the observer, which in turn results in a different distribution of activity. Specifically, an object's local geometry served mainly in the context of a safe place in the round arena, as manifested in extended duration of stay at the objects, however in the square arena served mainly as a place of interest, as manifested in the frequent visits, but without their staying there. Thus, the geometries of the enclosure, the object array, and the discrete objects, together shape exploratory behavior in rats.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2007.09.027 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
The development of optical sensors for label-free quantification of cell parameters has numerous uses in the biomedical arena. However, using current optical probes requires the laborious collection of sufficiently large datasets that can be used to calibrate optical probe signals to true metabolite concentrations. Further, most practitioners find it difficult to confidently adapt black box chemometric models that are difficult to troubleshoot in high-stakes applications such as biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports Med Open
December 2024
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) is an excellent marker of general strength capacity and health among adults. We aimed to calculate temporal trends in HGS for adults from Shanghai between 2000 and 2020.
Methods: Adults aged 20-59 years from Shanghai, China, were included.
J Sport Health Sci
November 2024
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Clin Ther
January 2025
Medical Dermatology Associates of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Purpose: Lebrikizumab is a novel, high-affinity immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-13, a central mediator in atopic dermatitis (AD). In previous studies in patients with moderate-to-severe AD, lebrikizumab, administered subcutaneously via a prefilled syringe with a needle safety device (PFS-NSD), demonstrated rapid and durable dose-dependent efficacy. We assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of lebrikizumab using either a PFS-NSD or an investigational autoinjector.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Dermatol Res
November 2024
Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
In a randomized phase 2b trial (NCT03703102) for adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), treatment with the T cell rebalancing anti-OX40 receptor antibody rocatinlimab (AMG 451/KHK4083) led to significant improvements in clinical measurements versus placebo including whole-body Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score. AD manifestations can impact variable anatomic regions, and involvement of the head and neck, a sensitive, hard-to-treat area, can negatively impact quality of life. In this post hoc analysis, we investigated response to rocatinlimab treatment across anatomic regions, including the head and neck.
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