The number of peptide-based pharmaceuticals has increased enormously over recent years; some of these peptides are derived from natural sources, and many are large and complex. This review provides an overview of the current state of peptide synthesis methodology, focusing mainly on the synthesis of natural peptides and their analogs.
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Neuroendocrine tumors and diabetes mellitus: which treatment and which effect.
Endocrine
January 2025
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) can exert unfavorable effects on each other prognosis. In this narrative review, we evaluated the effects of NET therapies on glycemic control and DM management and the effects of anti-diabetic therapies on NET outcome and management. For this purpose, we searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases for studies reporting the effects of NET therapy on DM as well as the effect of DM therapy on NET.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Background: High age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Approved drugs that slow down the aging process have the potential to be repurposed for the primary prevention of AD. The aim of our project was to use a reverse translational approach to identify such drug candidates in epidemiological data followed by validation in cell-based models and animal models of aging and AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
SORL1 (SORLA, LR11) is a large (2214 residue), multi-domain type 1 integral membrane protein that is the product of the SORL1 gene. In neurons, where it is highly expressed, SORL1 functions as both a substrate of and a cargo receptor for the retromer multi protein complex that is a master regulator of protein trafficking out of the early endosome. The SORL1-Vps26b retromer, in particular, is dedicated to the recycling of cell surface proteins, including APP and AMPA receptor subunit GLUA1, back to the plasma membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeveloping Benchmarking Metrics for Appropriate Ordering of Vitamin D, Thyroid Testing, and Iron Workups.
J Appl Lab Med
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Background: Laboratory stewardship programs are increasingly adopted to enhance test utilization and improve patient care. Despite their potential, implementation within complex healthcare systems remains challenging. Benchmarking metrics helps institutions compare their performance against peers or best practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis activity with erythrocyte methotrexate-polyglutamate 3.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol
February 2025
CHU Saint-Étienne, Service de Rhumatologie, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE U1059, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), yet 30%-50% of RA patients develop resistance to MTX, which can manifest several years after treatment initiation.
Objective: This study investigates the relationship between erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PGs) subtype concentrations and clinical disease activity in RA patients undergoing long-term MTX treatment.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients on a stable dose of subcutaneous MTX for several years were included.
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