The use of multiple copies of vectors based on either full-length or deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2 for the production of heteromeric proteins in plants was investigated. Co-infiltration of two full-length RNA-2 constructs containing different marker genes into Nicotiana benthamiana in the presence of RNA-1 showed that the two foreign proteins were efficiently expressed within the same cell in inoculated tissue. Furthermore, the proteins were co-localized to the same subcellular compartments, an essential prerequisite for heteromer formation. However, segregation of two separate RNA-2 molecules, and therefore expression of the two proteins, was observed on systemic spread of the recombinant viruses. Thus, efficient assembly of heteromeric proteins is likely to occur only in inoculated tissue. To determine the optimum approach for expression in inoculated tissue, the heavy and light chains of the blood group-typing immunoglobulin G (IgG) C5-1 were inserted into full-length and deleted versions of RNA-2, and the constructs were agroinfiltrated in the presence of RNA-1. The results obtained showed that full-size IgG molecules accumulated using both approaches, but that the levels were significantly higher when deleted RNA-2 vectors were used. The levels were also greatly enhanced by the inclusion of an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the C-terminus of the heavy chain. As the potential benefit of using full-length RNA-2 constructs, the ability to spread systemically, appears to be irrelevant to the production of heteromeric proteins, the use of deleted versions of RNA-2 is clearly advantageous, particularly as they offer the benefit of biocontainment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00303.x | DOI Listing |
Heart Lung
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Background: Fatigue is one of the most limiting symptoms in individuals with heart disease (HD). However, valid and reliable instruments for assessing fatigue in clinical practice still need to be improved.
Objective: To assess the dimensional structure of the self-reported Spanish Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and analyze its psychometric properties in individuals with HD.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Background: We previously identified a 44-base pair deletion in (ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 7) (ABCA7) that is significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in African Americans (AA), producing a frameshift mutation resulting in a truncated protein (p.Arg578Alafs). ABCA7 is a lipid transporter across cellular membranes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMBO J
January 2025
Newcastle University Biosciences Institute (NUBI), Central Parkway, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
The cellular concentrations of splicing factors (SFs) are critical for controlling alternative splicing. Most serine and arginine-enriched (SR) protein SFs regulate their own concentration via a homeostatic feedback mechanism that involves regulation of inclusion of non-coding 'poison exons' (PEs) that target transcripts for nonsense-mediated decay. The importance of SR protein PE splicing during animal development is largely unknown despite PE ultra-conservation across animal genomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForm Methods Syst Des
April 2022
Institute for Algebra, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
Unlabelled: Automated reasoning techniques based on computer algebra have seen renewed interest in recent years and are for example heavily used in formal verification of arithmetic circuits. However, the verification process might contain errors. Generating and checking proof certificates is important to increase the trust in automated reasoning tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Health Med
December 2024
Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Family resilience is critical for families recovering and growing from a cancer crisis; however, there remains a lack of universal family resilience assessment tools for families of patients with cancer. This study aimed to modify the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRA) and examine its psychometric properties. First, the FRA scale was modified into the Family Resilience Assessment Scale for Family Cancer (FRAS-FC) based on cultural adaptations and cancer population applicability.
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