[Incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Unlabelled: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complication unique to human pregnancy. Up to 39% of pregnant women suffering from type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are affected. It is supposed, that hyperglycemia, causing vascular endothelial dysfunction in placental vessels is the major mechanism, leading to PE.

Objective: To study the incidence of PE in women with T1D and to study the correlation between development of PE and metabolic control of diabetes.

Study Design: 105 pregnant women'with successful pregnancy outcome, suffering from TID have been included in a prospective study during the period 2002-2005. Starving, postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c have been measured at 12 wks and at 36 wks of gestation. The influence of risk factors has been assessed.

Results: The incidence of PE in the studied group is 28.6%. HbA1-c in women developing PE is significantly higher (8.2 +/- 1.6 and 7.6 +/- 1.2; P = 0.02 respectively). Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is a reliable predictor for development of PE. Elevation of HbA1-c with 1% is associated with 1.43 times increased risk for PE (OR = 1.43; 95% Cl = 1.11-12.7; P = 0.03). Combination of hyperglycemia and diabetic vascular disease increases significantly the risk for PE- OR 1.17 with 88.6% predictive value (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: Normoglycaemic control of diabetes before and during pregnancy could reduce the incidence of PE.