Four preschool children (with and without disabilities), who often responded inappropriately to questions, participated in the current study. Pretest results were used to create sets of questions that the children either did or did not answer correctly (i.e., known and unknown questions). We then sequentially taught two different responses to a subset of unknown questions: (a) "I don't know" (IDK), and (b) "I don't know, please tell me" (IDKPTM). Results showed that following acquisition with the target set, both responses generalized across questions and teachers for all participants. Following IDK training, some undesirable generalization of IDK to known questions occurred for 3 participants. Training of IDKPTM with the addition of a restricted reinforcement contingency was sufficient to establish correct answers to a portion of previously unknown questions. The importance of teaching generalized responses that enable the acquisition of novel intraverbals is discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2007.40-411 | DOI Listing |
Physiol Plant
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Underwater CO concentration fluctuates extremely in natural water bodies. Under low CO, the unique CO concentrating mechanism in aquatic plants, bicarbonate use, can suppress photorespiration. However, it remains unknown (1) to what extent bicarbonate use reduces photorespiration, (2) how exactly photorespiration varies between bicarbonate-users and CO-obligate users under CO-fluctuated environments, and (3) what are differences in Rubisco characteristics between these two types of aquatic plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hum Nutr Diet
February 2025
Dietetics Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK.
Background: Enteral tube feeding is used for children who are unable to meet their nutritional requirements orally. Gastrointestinal symptoms are some complications that can occur in enteral tube-fed patients. Blended tube feeds (BTFs) for children who are gastrotomy tube-fed have significantly increased in the last decade.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610200, China.
Plutonium-238 (Pu) is a scarce heat-source radioisotope used in nuclear batteries, which is produced by in-reactor irradiation of Americium-241 (Am) or Neptunium-237 (Np). Optimizing the neutron spectrum can improve the production efficiency of Pu, but currently, it is still a lack of knowledge about the optimal neutron spectrum for Pu production. Genetic algorithms and burnup algorithms are combined to identify optimal neutron spectra for Pu production under various irradiation times and flux levels, and build an optimal neutron spectrum database, which answers the questions "What is the optimal neutron spectrum for Pu production?" and "What is the maximum efficiency for Pu production" once and for all.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res Commun
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, No.22, Jinjing Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
Recent outbreaks of PRRSV in live attenuated vaccine-immunized pig farms in Tianjin, China have raised questions about the etiological characteristics and pathogenicity of the PRRSV variant, which remains unknown. In this study, a multiple lineages recombinant PRRSV strain named TJ-C6, was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic trees and genome homology analyses revealed that TJ-C6 belonged to lineage 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
January 2025
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to the efficacy of antimicrobials in humans and animals, including those used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in high-risk calves entering western Canadian feedlots. Successful mitigation strategies require an improved understanding of the epidemiology of AMR. Specifically, the relative contributions of antimicrobial use (AMU) and contagious transmission to AMR emergence in animal populations are unknown.
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