Characteristics of the spatial distribution of selected dissolved heavy metals were analyzed during large scale surveys from August 12 to 25, 2003 in the Bohai Sea. Dissolved Pb was the only element with average concentrations higher than the grade-one sea water quality standard of China. The spatial distribution of dissolved Pb in surface water was similar to those of Cd, Cu and As, where the isopleths generally indicated decreasing values from the bays to the central areas. Only for Hg did the high concentrations not only appear in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay, but also in the Central Area, viz. not only in inshore but also in offshore areas. Vertical distributions of dissolved Pb, Cd, Cu and As were largely uniform, while that of dissolved Hg increased with depth. We infer that the input of pollutants from land was the main influencing factor for the detected distribution patterns of dissolved heavy metals, followed by the dynamics of sea water, release from bottom sediments and biochemical processes. Comparing with historical data, average concentrations of dissolved heavy metals appear to decline in recent years.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60173-9 | DOI Listing |
Front Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and Tianjin Institute of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Introduction: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows considerable potential for cancer treatment due to its precise spatial control and reduced toxicity, effectively eliminating residual cells under hypoxic conditions remains challenging because of the resistance conferred by these cells.
Methods: Herein, we synthesize an amphiphilic PEGylated polyphosphoester and present a nanocarrier (NP) specifically designed for the codelivery of hydrophobic photosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6) and hypoxia-activated prodrugs (tirapazamine, TPZ). We investigate the antitumor effect of NP on both cellular and animal level.
Front Neurosci
December 2024
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Introduction: Traditional extraocular electrical stimulation typically produces diffuse electric fields across the retina, limiting the precision of targeted therapy. Temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation, an emerging approach, can generate convergent electric fields, providing advantages for targeted treatment of various eye conditions.
Objective: Understanding how detailed structures of the retina, especially the optic nerve, affects electric fields can enhance the application of TI approach in retinal neurodegenerative and vascular diseases, an essential aspect that has been frequently neglected in previous researches.
Mass Spectrom (Tokyo)
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-City, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI), and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) imaging are used for visualizing the spatial distribution of analytes. Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging of a sample with a rough surface with a uniform distribution of an analyte does not provide uniform ion intensities in the image. A shift in the value of the analyte ions is also observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel multiplexed spatial proteomics imaging platforms expose the spatial architecture of cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The diverse cell population in the TME, including its spatial context, has been shown to have important clinical implications, correlating with disease prognosis and treatment response. The accelerating implementation of spatial proteomic technologies motivates new statistical models to test if cell-level images associate with patient-level endpoints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobes of nearly every species can form biofilms, communities of cells bound together by a self-produced matrix. It is not understood how variation at the cellular level impacts putatively beneficial, colony-level behaviors, such as cell-to-cell signaling. Here we investigate this problem with an agent-based computational model of metabolically driven electrochemical signaling in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.
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