Background: Decidual stromal cells (DSC) are the main cellular component of the decidua, the maternal tissue in close contact with fetal trophoblast. Although of mesenchymal origin, DSC exert numerous immune functions that seem to be relevant for the immunological relationship between the mother and fetus. HLA-G, an antigen preferentially expressed by trophoblast, appears to participate in the immune tolerance by the mother of the semiallogeneic fetus.
Methods And Results: We show by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, western blotting and RT-PCR that DSC isolated and maintained in culture express HLA-G weakly but consistently. We also detected this antigen by flow cytometry in fresh DSC. Interleukin (IL)-10, a cytokine associated with normal pregnancy, increased the expression of HLA-G by DSC (P < 0.00001), whereas IL-2, a cytokine involved in spontaneous abortion, showed no effect. Decidualization by progesterone and cAMP also up-regulated the expression of HLA-G by DSC (P < 0.001). Interferon gamma, a cytokine implicated in the vascular remodelling of the decidua necessary for embryo implantation, also increased the expression of HLA-G by DSC (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Our results suggest the existence of a network in which hormones together with cytokines regulate the expression of HLA-G by DSC, and that may be of relevance in the maintenance of maternal-fetal tolerance.
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Article Synopsis
- Hepatitis C (HCV) in people who are also infected with HIV leads to faster liver disease progression compared to those with only HCV, potentially due to HLA-G, which suppresses immune responses.
- A study analyzed liver samples from 59 patients with both chronic HCV and HIV to look at HLA-G levels in relation to liver disease severity.
- The results showed that higher HLA-G expression was linked to more severe liver conditions but did not affect the effectiveness of HCV treatment, indicating HLA-G's complex role in disease progression in coinfected patients.
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