AI Article Synopsis
- The rise in global obesity has sparked new interest in understanding how appetite is regulated in the body.
- The gastrointestinal (GI) tract handles digestion and nutrient absorption, while the brain controls food intake, highlighting the importance of communication between these two systems.
- Hormones from the GI tract, like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY3-36, play a crucial role in signaling fullness and reducing food intake, influencing both animals and humans.
Article Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brain cross talk is therefore clear. It is now recognized that hormones released into the circulation from the GI tract in response to nutritional stimuli form a key component of this gut-brain axis. Peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY3-36 reduce food intake in both animal models and in humans. Physiologically, such peptides are thought to act as satiety signals and meal terminators. Here, we review the current state of the field of the effects of gut hormone action on appetite control.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100506 | DOI Listing |
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