Objective: To describe subtle ovulatory defects that can contribute to infertility and/or miscarriage despite regular menses with apparent ovulation.
Methods: By using follicular maturation studies and measurement of serum estradiol, progesterone, and LH certain imperfections in the ovulatory process can be ascertained.
Results: Careful evaluation of follicular maturation was able to determine infertility factors, e.g., premature luteinization, luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, and luteal phase defects. Effective treatment agents include follicular maturing drugs and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists in the follicular phase, human chorionic gonadotropins and leuprolide acetate at time of peak follicular maturation and progesterone in the luteal phase.
Conclusions: Progesterone supplementation alone is more effective than follicle maturing drugs in women with luteal phase defects with mature follicles. Small doses of follicle stimulating hormone in the late follicular phase is most effective for luteal phase deficiency associated with immature follicles. Sometimes leuprolide acetate can allow egg release when hCG has failed.
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