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Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Trends of Synthetic Tetralone Derivatives.
Drug Dev Res
February 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are parasitic diseases that are closely linked to poverty, pose significant local burdens, and are common in tropical and subtropical regions. Various synthetic tetralone derivatives were studied as potential scaffolds for antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities. The compounds were studied for their effectiveness against multiple kinetoplastid protozoan pathogens: Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, and bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManagement of Low-Grade Gliomas.
Cancer J
January 2025
From the Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY.
The term "low-grade glioma" historically refers to adult diffuse gliomas that exhibit a less aggressive course than the more common high-grade gliomas. In the current molecular era, "low-grade" refers to World Health Organization central nervous system grade 2 gliomas almost always with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas). The term "lower-grade gliomas" has emerged encompassing grades 2 and 3 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, to acknowledge that histological grade is not as important a prognostic factor as molecular features, and distinguishing them from grade 4 glioblastomas, which lack an IDH mutation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransforming the chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis.
Clin Microbiol Rev
January 2025
School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
SUMMARYPrior to 2019, when the orally available drug fexinidazole began its clinical use, the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) was complex and unsatisfactory for many reasons. Two sub-species of the parasite are responsible for HAT, namely the rhodesiense form found in East and Southern Africa and the gambiense form found in Central and West Africa. Diseases caused by both forms manifest in two stages: stage 1 before and stage 2 after central nervous system involvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating Difluoromethylornithine Safety and Efficacy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Chemoprevention: A Systematic Review.
J Cutan Med Surg
November 2024
Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Recent FDA approval of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) has sparked interest in its potential for preventing various cancers, including keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs), beyond its initial purpose for neuroblastoma in children.
- A systematic review of 12 studies involving 1,618 predominantly Caucasian patients revealed mixed results, with oral DFMO showing a significant reduction in KCs in only 24% of cases, while topical DFMO showed modest effectiveness in reducing actinic keratosis.
- Overall, the current evidence does not strongly support the use of oral DFMO, whereas topical DFMO may offer a better option for certain patients in preventing skin cancer.
Iwilfin (eflornithine) approved by the FDA as the first and only oral maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma in adult and pediatric patients: Narrative review.
Medicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Bakht Alruda, Ad Duwaym, Sudan.
Neural crest progenitor cells give rise to neuroblasts, the growing nerve cells of the sympathetic nervous system. These cells can undergo changes leading to neuroblastoma, a malignancy responsible for 15% of all pediatric cancer-related deaths. The molecular pathogenesis of this pediatric cancer involves complex genetic alterations, such as MYCN amplification, chromosomal abnormalities, and gene expression changes.
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