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Regulation of interactions of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins with mammalian cells. | LitMetric

Regulation of interactions of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins with mammalian cells.

Immunol Res

The Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2501 Crosspark Rd, Coralville, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.

Published: January 2008

Host defense against many invading Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) depends on innate immune recognition of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), unique surface glycolipids of GNB. Host responses to endotoxin must be highly sensitive but self-limited. In mammals, optimal sensitivity is achieved by ordered interactions of endotoxin with several different extracellular and cell surface proteins-the LPS-binding protein (LBP), CD14, MD-2, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-reflecting the requirement for specific protein-endotoxin and protein-protein interactions. This complex reaction pathway also provides many ways to attenuate endotoxin-driven inflammation and can explain how differences in endotoxin structure, either intrinsic among GNB or induced by metabolic remodeling, can alter host responsiveness and thus the outcome of host-GNB interactions. Major goals of our research are to better understand: (1) the structural bases of specific host-endotoxin interactions; (2) functional diversity among host endotoxin-binding proteins; and (3) how the actions of various endotoxin-binding proteins are regulated to permit optimal host responses to GNB infection. In addition, the identification of a water-soluble endotoxin:MD-2 complex that, depending on the structure of endotoxin or MD-2, has potent TLR4 agonist or antagonist properties suggests novel pharmacologic approaches to immuno-modulation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-007-0069-0DOI Listing

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