Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Carotid artery stenosis represents one of the most common etiologies of stroke. The current treatment modalities available for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis are carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS). Several clinical trials comparing CEA with medical management showed superiority of the surgical arm; however, the applicability of these results to the general population is limited by the fact that the patients and surgeons enrolled in these trials were carefully selected, and the optimal medical therapy used does not meet the current treatment standards. Carotid artery stenting has emerged as a treatment alternative to CEA, as shown in randomized trials comparing the 2 treatment modalities. Recent data from large-volume CAS registries indicate that percutaneous treatment of carotid artery stenosis compares favorably to CEA. Furthermore, the CAS trial designs make these results more applicable to the community standards. These data suggest that CAS will become the treatment of choice in patients with carotid artery stenosis.
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