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Research on the influence on the addendum-shortened-coefficient of the first-last teeth of incomplete driving gear to avoid interference.
Heliyon
January 2024
The Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
In order to ensure the normal transmission of incomplete gears without interference during the process of gear meshing. This research first establishes the theoretical model to explore the influence of the reference circle pressure angle ( ), the addendum modification coefficient, and the number of teeth on the addendum-shortened-coefficient ( ) of the incomplete driving gear's first-last teeth, and then systematically explores the influence between the key factors and the decrease of . The results show that: (1) When the pressure angle of the driven gear addendum circle ( ) and the maximum critical value of the addendum radius of the driving gear to avoid interference ( ) increases with the increase of , decreases with the increase of ; (2) In the cases of high-modification gear transmission and angular-modification gear transmission, there are five conditions in which decreases due to the addendum modification coefficient of driving gear ( ) and the addendum modification coefficient of driven gear ( ): 1) High-modification gear transmission with one case:① , with the increase of , that is: and are opposite number; 2) Angular-modification gear transmission with other four cases: ② , with , that is: The driving and driven gears are negative-modified and standard gears, respectively; ③ , with , that is: The driving and driven gears are standard and positive-modified gears, respectively; ④ , , with the increase of , that is: The sum of and are negative and neither of them is zero, there exist three kinds of addendum modification gears for the driving and driven gear, which are positive-negative, negative-positive and negative-negative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication of the estimand framework for an emulated trial using reference based multiple imputation to investigate informative censoring.
BMC Med Res Methodol
October 2024
Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Background: The ICH E9 (R1) addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity analysis in Clinical trials proposes a framework for the design and analysis of clinical trials aimed at improving clarity around the definition of the targeted treatment effect (the estimand) of a study.
Methods: We adopt the estimand framework in the context of a study using "trial emulation" to estimate the risk of pneumocystis pneumonia, an opportunistic disease contracted by people living with HIV and AIDS having a weakened immune system, when considering two antibiotic treatment regimes for stopping antibiotic prophylaxis treatment against this disease. A "while on treatment" strategy has been implemented for post-randomisation (intercurrent) events.
Principles for Defining Estimands in Clinical Trials-A Proposal.
Pharm Stat
August 2024
Biostatistics Methods and Outreach, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
The ICH E9(R1) guideline outlines the estimand framework, which aligns planning, design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of a clinical trial. The benefits and value of using this framework in clinical trials have been outlined in the literature, and guidance has been provided on how to choose the estimand and define the estimand attributes. Although progress has been made in the implementation of estimands in clinical trials, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published discussion on the basic principles that estimands in clinical trials should fulfill to be well defined and consistent with the ideas presented in the ICH E9(R1) guideline.
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