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Remission of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A After Adrenalectomy.
JCEM Case Rep
January 2025
Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
A 37-year-old man presented with symptoms of polyuria and weight loss over the past year. Initial laboratory examination showed elevated blood glucose level (468 mg/dL [25.9 mmol/L]; normal reference range [RR], 75-109 mg/dL [4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.
Immunol Res
December 2024
Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India.
Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe neurobiology of thirst and salt appetite.
Neuron
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Center for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The first act of life involved capturing water within cell membranes, making fluid balance vital for survival.
- The review explores how neural mechanisms compel animals to seek and consume water and salt, detailing how the brain processes information about blood osmolality and volume to trigger thirst and salt cravings.
- It also points out gaps in current knowledge about fluid homeostasis, including the identities of sensors that detect fluid imbalances and how drinking is regulated even when there’s no physiological need, like during meals.
Common incidental urological lesions on computed tomography images: What to do with renal and adrenal computed tomography incidentalomas in a primary care setting.
Aust J Gen Pract
November 2024
MBBS, PhD, FRACS (Urol), Professor, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic; Founding Director, EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Vic;@Head of Unit, Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic.
Article Synopsis
- The increased use of imaging techniques has led to more frequent detection of incidental findings in the kidneys and adrenal glands, often referred to as incidentalomas, which are commonly encountered by general practitioners.* -
- This review provides guidelines for managing these renal and adrenal masses, highlighting that renal lesions are seen in about 14% of CT scans and should be assessed using the Bosniak classification for cystic lesions.* -
- For renal cell carcinomas larger than 4 cm or showing symptoms, active treatment is recommended, while adrenal lesions require functional testing, with specific screening tests indicated based on clinical signs such as hypertension.*
Soluble (pro)renin receptor as a novel regulator of renal medullary Na reabsorption.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
February 2025
Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- - Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a crucial role in sodium reabsorption, primarily in the cortical collecting duct, while its activity in the inner medulla is often overlooked.
- - The (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a new player in the renin-angiotensin system, influences ENaC regulation, specifically by boosting the activity of the α-ENaC subunit in the renal inner medulla.
- - Soluble PRR (sPRR) enhances ENaC function through mechanisms involving Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide and is particularly significant during overactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
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