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It's a good thing that severely hypoxic salmon (Salmo salar) have a limited capacity to increase heart rate when warmed.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL. A1C 5S7, Canada.
With climate change, fish are facing rising temperatures, an increase in the frequency and severity of heat waves and hypoxia, sometimes concurrently. However, only limited studies have examined the combined effects of increases in temperature and hypoxia on fish physiology and survival. We measured the cardiorespiratory physiology of 12°C-acclimated Atlantic salmon when exposed acutely to normoxia [100% air saturation (sat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: a focus on microglia and neuroinflammation.
Front Neurosci
January 2025
Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary parasympathetic nerve, providing two-way communication between the body and brain through a network of afferent and efferent fibers. Evidence suggests that altered VN signaling is linked to changes in the neuroimmune system, including microglia. Dysfunction of microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMuSK regulates neuromuscular junction Nav1.4 localization and excitability.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the linchpin of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. Broadly, the function of the NMJ is to transduce nerve action potentials into muscle fiber action potentials (MFAPs). Efficient neuromuscular transmission requires both cholinergic signaling, responsible for generation of endplate potentials (EPPs), and excitation, the amplification of the EPP by postsynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic vaping devices that produce an aerosol by heating an e-liquid. People who smoke, healthcare providers, and regulators want to know if ECs can help people quit smoking, and if they are safe to use for this purpose. This is a review update conducted as part of a living systematic review.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrafficking of Muscarinic 1 Acetylcholine Receptor Regulated by VPS35 in Alzheimer's Disease.
Curr Alzheimer Res
January 2025
Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, 361000, China.
Introduction: Muscarinic 1 acetylcholine receptor (M1AChR) is a member of the Gprotein- coupled receptor superfamily, with the dysfunction being linked to the onset of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
Aims: Retromer complex with Vacuolar Protein Sorting-35 (VPS35) as the core plays an important role in the transport of biological proteins and has been confirmed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. This study was designed to determine whether VPS35 could affect the trafficking mechanism of M1AChRs.
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