Two studies were conducted to determine the frequency of processing speed difficulties relative to estimates of other problem-solving abilities in children with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). The two samples consisted of 213 normally functioning school-age children and 65 TBI children and 19 trauma controls. All children were administered the WISC-III/IV Vocabulary, Block Design, and Coding subtests. The frequency of children in each sample having a Coding subtest score of 3 or 4 scale points below the Vocabulary or Block Design score (whichever one was lower) was calculated. Using a 3-point scale difference, the presence of processing speed deficits relative to other cognitive abilities in the school sample was low (5.2%), and was equivalent to that demonstrated by trauma controls (5.3%). However, in the TBI sample, 18 out of 65 TBI patients (27.7%) showed this same pattern. Using a 4-point discrepancy scale, 3.3% of normal children and 16.9% of TBI children showed this pattern. The frequency of this pattern increased with severity of TBI, using two different but related classification systems. These preliminary findings require cross validation in a larger sample before definite conclusions can be reached.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040701440501 | DOI Listing |
Behav Res Methods
January 2025
CogNosco Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
We introduce EmoAtlas, a computational library/framework extracting emotions and syntactic/semantic word associations from texts. EmoAtlas combines interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) for syntactic parsing in 18 languages and psychologically validated lexicons for detecting the eight emotions in Plutchik's theory. We show that EmoAtlas can match or surpass transformer-based natural language processing techniques, BERT or large language models like ChatGPT 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
According to recent research, with the ever-increasing use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, there has arisen an ever-growing need for high-performance yet low-power circuits that can efficiently process information. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology due to its great potential in digital design at nanoscale levels on account of very low power consumption and very high processing speed. However, QCA circuits are inherently prone to faults due to variations in manufacturing processes and due to the influence of environmental factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y Comunicación, Campus Universitario de Vigo, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
The main purpose of this study was to examine the age-related changes in inhibitory control of 450 children at the ages of 7-8, 11-12, and 14-16 when controlling for working memory capacity (WMC) and processing speed to determine whether inhibition is an independent factor far beyond its possible reliance on the other two factors. This examination is important for several reasons. First, empirical evidence about age-related changes of inhibitory control is controversial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
School of Business Economics, European Union University, Montreux, Switzerland.
As people's material living standards continue to improve, the types and quantities of household garbage they generate rapidly increase. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a reasonable and effective method for garbage classification. This is important for resource recycling and environmental improvement and contributes to the sustainable development of production and the economy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchizophr Res Cogn
June 2025
University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospitals of NICE CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs before age 13 and is rarer and more severe than adult-onset schizophrenia.
Method: A search was made in the PubMed database. Sixty-seven studies (out of 543) which analyzed Intellectual Quotient (IQ), attentional, memory and executive functions were selected by two independent researchers.
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