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Multi-task transfer learning for the prediction of entity modifiers in clinical text: application to opioid use disorder case detection.
J Biomed Semantics
June 2024
University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, Alabama, USA.
Background: The semantics of entities extracted from a clinical text can be dramatically altered by modifiers, including entity negation, uncertainty, conditionality, severity, and subject. Existing models for determining modifiers of clinical entities involve regular expression or features weights that are trained independently for each modifier.
Methods: We develop and evaluate a multi-task transformer architecture design where modifiers are learned and predicted jointly using the publicly available SemEval 2015 Task 14 corpus and a new Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) data set that contains modifiers shared with SemEval as well as novel modifiers specific for OUD.
The psychosocial impact of prostate cancer screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers.
BJU Int
September 2024
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Objectives: To report the long-term outcomes from a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the 'Identification of Men with a genetic predisposition to ProstAte Cancer: Targeted Screening in men at higher genetic risk and controls' (IMPACT) study. The IMPACT study is a multi-national study of targeted prostate cancer (PrCa) screening in individuals with a known germline pathogenic variant (GPV) in either the BReast CAncer gene 1 (BRCA1) or the BReast CAncer gene 2 (BRCA2).
Subjects And Methods: Participants enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a psychosocial questionnaire prior to each annual screening visit for a minimum of 5 years.
Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pediatric study protocol: Rationale, objectives and design.
PLoS One
May 2024
Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
Importance: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.
Observations: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative.
Exploring relationships among multi-disciplinary assessments for knee joint health in service members with traumatic unilateral lower limb loss: a two-year longitudinal investigation.
Sci Rep
December 2023
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Motivated by the complex and multifactorial etiologies of osteoarthritis, here we use a comprehensive approach evaluating knee joint health after unilateral lower limb loss. Thirty-eight male Service members with traumatic, unilateral lower limb loss (mean age = 38 yr) participated in a prospective, two-year longitudinal study comprehensively evaluating contralateral knee joint health (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune resilience despite inflammatory stress promotes longevity and favorable health outcomes including resistance to infection.
Nat Commun
June 2023
VA Center for Personalized Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
Some people remain healthier throughout life than others but the underlying reasons are poorly understood. Here we hypothesize this advantage is attributable in part to optimal immune resilience (IR), defined as the capacity to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune functions that promote disease resistance (immunocompetence) and control inflammation in infectious diseases as well as other causes of inflammatory stress. We gauge IR levels with two distinct peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between (i) CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and (ii) gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality-associated inflammation.
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