The abundance of samarium-152 in the Santa Clara iron meteorite is found to be 108 x 10(7) atoms per gram. This quantity, if attributed to fission of a superheavy element with atomic number 107 to 109, limits the amount of superheavy elements in the early solar system to 1.7 x 10(-5) times the abundance of uranium-238. For element 110, the limit is 3.4 x 10(-5).
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Toward the Discovery of New Elements: Production of Livermorium (Z=116) with ^{50}Ti.
Phys Rev Lett
October 2024
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - The experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory aimed to produce a superheavy element with an atomic number of 114 or greater by bombarding an actinide target with a ^{50}Ti beam.
- - Using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator, researchers successfully isolated and implanted produced Livermorium (Lv) ions into a high-tech detector system, observing two decay chains linked to ^{290}Lv.
- - The measured production cross-section of the process was 0.44 picobarns at a specific energy, marking the first published evidence of superheavy element production near the "island of stability" with this method, paving the way for future discoveries beyond element Z=118.
Smooth trends in fermium charge radii and the impact of shell effects.
Nature
October 2024
Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
The quantum-mechanical nuclear-shell structure determines the stability and limits of the existence of the heaviest nuclides with large proton numbers Z ≳ 100 (refs. ). Shell effects also affect the sizes and shapes of atomic nuclei, as shown by laser spectroscopy studies in lighter nuclides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFManifestation of relativistic effects in the chemical properties of nihonium and moscovium revealed by gas chromatography studies.
Front Chem
September 2024
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers conducted a study on the chemical reactivity of superheavy elements nihonium (Nh) and moscovium (Mc) using a new chromatography setup, revealing new insights into their properties.
- The isotopes of Mc were produced at GSI Helmholtzzentrum in Germany, and their interaction with silicon oxide and gold surfaces was examined, providing the first measurements for their adsorption enthalpy.
- The findings showed that Nh and Mc have weaker interactions with silicon oxide compared to their lighter counterparts, but display higher reactivity than neighboring elements copernicium and flerovium due to significant relativistic effects.
Uncovering chemical homology of superheavy elements: a close look at astatine.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.
The fascination with superheavy elements (SHE) spans the nuclear physics, astrophysics, and theoretical chemistry communities. Extreme relativistic effects govern these elements' chemistry and challenge the traditional notion of the periodic law. The experimental quest for SHE critically depends on theoretical predictions of these elements' properties, especially chemical homology, which allows for successful prototypical experiments with more readily available lighter homologues of SHE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Chemical Bond at the Bottom of the Periodic Table: The Case of the Heavy Astatine and the Super-Heavy Tennessine.
Chemphyschem
August 2024
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
In this work, we study the chemical bond in molecules containing heavy and super-heavy elements according to the current state-of-the-art bonding models. An Energy Decomposition Analysis in combination with Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (EDA-NOCV) within the relativistic four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham (DKS) framework is employed, which allows to successfully include the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects on the chemical bond description. Simple halogen-bonded adducts ClX⋯L (X=At, Ts; L=NH, Br, HO, CO) of astatine and tennessine have been selected to assess a trend on descending along a group, while modulating the ClX⋯L bond features through the different electronic nature of the ligand L.
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