The shoulder in swimming is subjected to multiple factors that can lead to a high injury rate. To prevent injury, one must understand the biomechanics of swimming. This paper describes the electromyographic and cinematographic findings of 12 shoulder muscles in competitive swimmers without shoulder pain. The results show the three heads of the deltoid and the supraspinatus functioning in synchrony to place the arm at hand entry and exit, the rhomboids and upper trapezius to position the scapula for the arm, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi to propel the body, the subscapularis and serratus anterior as muscles with constant muscle activity, the teres minor functioning with the pectoralis major, and the infraspinatus active only to externally rotate the arm at midrecovery. This information is important to design optimal preventative and rehabilitative exercise programs.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659101900603 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Comparison of two methods for quantitative assessment of unrestrained locomotion in the rat.
J Neurosci Methods
July 2007
Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteura St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Changes in locomotor movements induced by central and peripheral nerve injury or obtained as a result of pharmacological treatment are increasingly being investigated in rats. Several methods have been used to assess changes in the main locomotor indices, most of which are based on video recordings, usually with low time resolution, or on X-ray cinematographic recordings. Other methods are based on qualitative visual locomotor scoring systems like the BBB scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic plantar pressure distribution measurements in hemiparetic patients.
Clin Biomech (Bristol)
January 1997
Neurologische Klinik des Alfried Krupp Krankenhauses, Essen, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: A comparison of plantar pressure distribution of hemiparetic patients with a control group was performed to determine quantitative, objective and reproducible criteria for better assessment of hemiparetic gait. DESIGN: This empirical, descriptive study used a clinical sample of 18 hemiparetic patients and compared the data to previously published data from 111 healthy persons. BACKGROUND: Several biomechanical methods have been used in the past to evaluate and classify hemiplegic gait, for example kinetic, cinematographic, or electromyographic systems, but plantar pressure distribution measurement has not been studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe normal and the painful shoulders during the breaststroke. Electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles.
Am J Sports Med
March 1995
Biomechanics Laboratory, Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Inglewood, California 90301.
The purpose of this study was to describe and compare electrical activity patterns in 12 shoulder muscles during the breaststroke in 25 competitive swimmers who had normal shoulders and in 14 who had painful shoulders while they performed this stroke in a pool. The electromyographic analysis was synchronized with high-speed cinematography to discern phases of the breaststroke. Means, standard deviations, and t-tests were done for each phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectromyographic and cinematographic analysis of elbow function in tennis players with lateral epicondylitis.
Am J Sports Med
August 1994
Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, California 90301.
Lateral epicondylitis occurs frequently in tennis players and appears to be caused by tears in the extensor aponeurosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic activities of 5 muscles in players with lateral epicondylitis with those of injury-free players during the single-handed backhand tennis stroke. Finewire electrodes were placed into the extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis muscles in competitive tennis players; 8 players had lateral epicondylitis and 14 had normal upper extremities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectromyographic and cinematographic analysis of elbow function in tennis players using single- and double-handed backhand strokes.
Am J Sports Med
September 1993
Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Biomechanics Laboratory, Inglewood, CA 90301.
It is generally believed that tennis players using a double-handed backhand rarely develop lateral epicondylitis since the helping arm appears to absorb more energy and changes the mechanics of the swing. The purpose of this paper was to compare muscle activity about the elbow in single- and double-handed backhand strokes in competitive tennis players. Muscle activity in 3 elbow extensors, a wrist flexor, and a forearm pronator of the dominant arm was compared during the single-handed (N = 14) and double-handed (N = 13) backhand ground strokes using indwelling electromyography and high-speed cinematography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!