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Polygraph-based deception detection and Machine Learning. Combining the Worst of Both Worlds?
Forensic Sci Int Synerg
June 2024
University of Lausanne, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration, School of Criminal Justice, 1015, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland.
At a time when developments in computational approaches, often associated with the now much-vaunted terms Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), face increasing challenges in terms of fairness, transparency and accountability, the temptation for researchers to apply mainstream ML methods to virtually any type of data seems to remain irresistible. In this paper we critically examine a recent proposal to apply ML to polygraph screening results (where human interviewers have made a conclusion about deception), which raises several questions about the purpose and the design of the research, particularly given the vacuous scientific status of polygraph-based procedures themselves. We argue that in high-stake environments such as criminal justice and employment practice, where fundamental rights and principles of justice are at stake, the legal and ethical considerations for scientific research are heightened.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase management interventions seeking to counter radicalisation to violence and related forms of violence: A systematic review.
Campbell Syst Rev
June 2024
Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV), School of International Relations University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife Scotland UK.
Background: Increasingly, counter-radicalisation interventions are using case management approaches to structure the delivery of tailored services to those at risk of engaging in, or engaged in, violent extremism. This review sets out the evidence on case management tools and approaches and is made up of two parts with the following objectives.
Objectives: : (1) Synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of case management tools and approaches in interventions seeking to counter radicalisation to violence.
Purified cannabidiol as add-on therapy in children with treatment-resistant infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.
Seizure
February 2024
Department of Neurology, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos, Buenos Aires 1881 Argentina. Electronic address:
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of highly purified cannabidiol oil (CBD) as add-on therapy for the treatment of a series of patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) who were resistant to antiseizure medications and ketogenic dietary therapy.
Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 28 infants with treatment-resistant IESS aged 6 to 21 months who received highly purified CBD between July 2021 and June 2023. Data were collected on neurological examinations, EEG, Video-EEG and polygraphic recordings, imaging studies, laboratory testing, and seizure frequency, type, and duration, and adverse effects.
Time-Resolved Graphs of Polymorphic Cycles for H-Bonded Network Identification in Flexible Biomolecules.
J Chem Theory Comput
February 2024
Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, LAMBE, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
A novel approach based on a coarse-grained representation of topological graphs is proposed for the automatic analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories of hydrogen-bonded (H-Bonded) flexible biomolecules. Herein, our approach models an H-Bonded biomolecule by its H-Bonded cycles and its graph of cycles in which the vertices and links represent the intersections between these cycles. We propose a methodology in which each identified conformer/isomer from the MD is represented by a well-chosen set of H-Bonded cycles called a minimum cycle basis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of the amygdala in ictal central apnea: insights from brain MRI morphometry.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol
January 2024
Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Objective: Ictal central apnea (ICA) is a frequent correlate of focal seizures, particularly in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and regarded as a potential electroclinical biomarker of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Aims of this study are to investigate morphometric changes of subcortical structures in ICA patients and to find neuroimaging biomarkers of ICA in patients with focal epilepsy.
Methods: We prospectively recruited focal epilepsy patients with recorded seizures during a video-EEG long-term monitoring with cardiorespiratory polygraphic recordings from April 2020 to September 2022.
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