Silicate aggregates, including large single crystals of potassium feldspar as long as 11 centimeters and sodium feldspar, are embeded in the surface of the medium octahedrite Colomera. Silicate nodules in the interior appear to be much smaller (about 0.3 centimeter). Glass nodules are abundant both on the external surface and in the interior. These observations are evidence that some iron meteorites formed as segregations within a silicate matrix and did not originate in a metallic core.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3842.684 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
Volcanic stratigraphy reconstruction is traditionally based on qualitative facies analysis complemented by geochemical analyses. Here we present a novel technique based on machine learning identification of crystal size distribution to quantitatively fingerprint lavas, shallow intrusions and coarse lava breccias. This technique, based on a simple photograph of a rock (or core) sample, is complementary to existing methods and allows another strategy to identify and compare volcanic rocks for stratigraphic correlation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFData Brief
June 2023
Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Ulindakonda vent agglomerate of Neo-archean Gadwal Greenstone Belt in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), is located partly in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh and partly in Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana state, India. Trachyandesite occurs as matrix of the agglomerate and at some places it exhibits massive and interbedded nature with granodiorite that mainly occurs as sub-rounded clasts in the agglomerate reflecting magma mixing and mingling. The rock is dotted with small dark specks of a ferromagnesian mineral which often shows a well-developed cleavage surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
April 2022
Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
The study of lithic raw material quality has become one of the major interpretive tools to investigate the raw material selection behaviour and its influence to the knapping technology. In order to make objective assessments of raw material quality, we need to measure their mechanical properties (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Earth Space Chem
October 2021
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Recent advances in high-precision potassium (K) isotopic analysis have found considerable isotopic variation in rock samples of the Earth's continental and oceanic crusts; however, it is still uncertain whether there is any resolvable inter-mineral and mineral-melt K isotopic fractionation during igneous and metamorphic processes. Here, we report K isotope compositions of mineral separates from three extremely well preserved igneous rocks (intrusive/extrusive and mafic/intermediate/felsic) in order to investigate possible inter-mineral and mineral-melt K isotopic fractionation at magmatic temperatures. For the first time, we found large inter-mineral fractionation of K isotopes in natural samples (up to 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hum Evol
July 2018
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom; Stone Age Institute, 1392 W Dittemore Road, Gosport, IN, 47433, USA.
Tuffaceous marker beds, derived from volcanic products from the Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands, help define a stratigraphic framework for the world-renowned fossil and stone tool record exposed at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. However, previous efforts to constrain this tuff record, especially for Olduvai Bed II, have been limited because of erosion, contamination, reworking, and the alteration of volcanic glass under saline-alkaline conditions. This paper applies previously defined geochemical and mineralogical "fingerprints" for several major Bed II marker tuffs, based on glass (where available) and phenocrysts more resistant to alteration (feldspar, hornblende, augite, and titanomagnetite), to tuffs from stratigraphic sections in the Olduvai Junction Area, including previously and recently excavated Acheulean and Oldowan sites (HWK EE (Locality (Loc) 42), EF-HR (Loc 12a), FLK (Loc 45), and MNK (Loc 88)).
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