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Xylooligosaccharides: A comprehensive review of production, purification, characterization, and quantification.
Food Res Int
February 2025
Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China. Electronic address:
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), short-chain polymers with prebiotic properties, have gained significant commercial attention over the past few decades due to their potential as nutraceutical components. Derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), XOS serve as health promoting compounds with applications across multiple sectors, including food pharmaceutical and cosmetic. This comprehensive review provides an overview of XOS production, purification, characterization, and quantification, highlighting their derivation from various sources such as agricultural waste, agro-economical forest residues, and nutrient-dense energy crops.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSentinel role of military dogs in detecting genotoxic agents in the environment during military operations: a pilot study.
Toxicol Mech Methods
January 2025
Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
During out-of-area military operations, the presence of carcinogenic and/or genotoxic agents has been reported, posing potential health risks to deployed soldiers. Military working dogs (MWDs), trained to detect explosives in the same environments as soldiers, could also serve as sentinel animals, providing valuable information on exposure to hazardous agents. These dogs can help identify environmental and potential adverse effects on their health and that of their handlers, possibly before relevant pathologies manifest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemperature dynamics and mechanical properties analysis of carbon fiber epoxy composites radiated by nuclear explosion simulated light source.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Engineering Research Center of Flexible Radiation Protection Technology, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
The impact of light radiation, a predominant energy release mechanism in nuclear explosions, on material properties is of critical importance. This investigation employed an artificial light source to replicate the effects of nuclear explosion radiation and utilized a physical information neural network (PINN) to examine the temperature evolution and corresponding changes in the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CFEC). A light source simulating nuclear explosion's light radiation was built to irradiate the CFEC, then measure the reflection spectrum and temperature of samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSupplemental Operational Guidance for Minimizing Potential Inhalation Doses to Workers and Volunteers at Community Reception Centers and Public Shelters.
Health Phys
January 2025
Radiation Studies Section, Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
In the event of a nuclear explosion in an urban environment, contaminated persons may be directed to Community Reception Centers (CRC) and/or public shelters. This paper is a companion document to a previous paper that addresses the inhalation hazard to workers at a CRC from resuspension of fallout from the evacuees. To limit the inhalation hazard evacuees must be screened to prevent severely contaminated persons from entering a CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDemonstration of active neutron interrogation of special nuclear materials using a high-intensity short-pulse-laser-driven neutron source.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA.
Detecting shielded special nuclear material, such as nuclear explosives, is a difficult challenge pursued by non-proliferation, anti-terrorism, and nuclear security programs worldwide. Interrogation with intense fast-neutron pulses is a promising method to characterize concealed nuclear material rapidly but is limited by suitable source availability and proven instrumentation. In this study we have pioneered a demonstration of such an interrogation method using a high-intensity, short-pulse, laser-driven neutron source that offers potential benefits compared to conventional neutron sources.
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