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Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms.
Nature
May 2024
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Angiosperms are vital for ecosystems and human life, making it important to understand their evolutionary history to grasp their ecological dominance.
- The study builds an extensive tree of life for about 8,000 angiosperm genera using 353 nuclear genes, significantly increasing the sampling size and refining earlier classifications.
- The findings reveal a complex evolutionary history marked by high gene tree conflict and rapid diversification, particularly during the early angiosperm evolution, with shifts in diversification rates linked to global temperature changes.
Rapid diversification of vascular architecture underlies the Carboniferous fern radiation.
Proc Biol Sci
April 2022
The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Vascular plants account for 93% of Earth's terrestrial flora. Xylem and phloem, vital for transporting water and nutrients through the plant, unite this diverse clade. Three-dimensional arrangements of these tissues (vascular architecture) are manifold across living and extinct species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid increase in snake dietary diversity and complexity following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
PLoS Biol
October 2021
Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
The Cenozoic marked a period of dramatic ecological opportunity in Earth history due to the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs as well as to long-term physiographic changes that created new biogeographic theaters and new habitats. Snakes underwent massive ecological diversification during this period, repeatedly evolving novel dietary adaptations and prey preferences. The evolutionary tempo and mode of these trophic ecological changes remain virtually unknown, especially compared with co-radiating lineages of birds and mammals that are simultaneously predators and prey of snakes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity.
Nat Ecol Evol
September 2021
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Proboscideans were keystone Cenozoic megaherbivores and present a highly relevant case study to frame the timing and magnitude of recent megafauna extinctions against long-term macroevolutionary patterns. By surveying the entire proboscidean fossil history using model-based approaches, we show that the dramatic Miocene explosion of proboscidean functional diversity was triggered by their biogeographical expansion beyond Africa. Ecomorphological innovations drove niche differentiation; communities that accommodated several disparate proboscidean species in sympatry became commonplace.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn overview of sex and reproductive immunity from an evolutionary/anthropological perspective.
Immunol Med
September 2021
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan.
Mammalian pregnancy is a curious life phenomenon. Immunologically, the mechanism of pregnancy is difficult to explain because it involves the coexistence of an external foreign body (the embryo) and the host (the mother) for a period of time. How did mammals acquire the ability to become pregnant in parallel with altered immunity? Sex in the evolution of life and its impact on anthropology are major topics of discussion.
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