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Distributed representations of temporally accumulated reward prediction errors in the mouse cortex.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
Reward prediction errors (RPEs) quantify the difference between expected and actual rewards, serving to refine future actions. Although reinforcement learning (RL) provides ample theoretical evidence suggesting that the long-term accumulation of these error signals improves learning efficiency, it remains unclear whether the brain uses similar mechanisms. To explore this, we constructed RL-based theoretical models and used multiregional two-photon calcium imaging in the mouse dorsal cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommunity Perspectives on Optimizing Community Health Volunteer Roles for HIV Prevention Services in Kenya and Uganda.
AIDS Patient Care STDS
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA.
Community health workers (CHWs) play a significant role in supporting health services delivery in communities with few trained health care providers. There has been limited research on ways to optimize the role of CHWs in HIV prevention service delivery. This study explored CHWs' experiences with offering HIV prevention services [HIV testing and HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP)] during three pilot studies in rural communities in Kenya and Uganda, which aimed to increase biomedical HIV prevention coverage via a structured patient-centered HIV prevention delivery model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroanatomical prediction of individual anxiety problems level using machine learning models: A population-based cohort study of young adults.
Neurobiol Stress
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
Anxiety, a mental state in healthy individuals, is characterized by apprehension of potential future threats. Though the neurobiological basis of anxiety has been investigated widely in the clinical populations, the underly mechanism of neuroanatomical correlates with anxiety level in healthy young adults is still unclear. In this study, 1080 young adults were enrolled from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset, and machine learning-based elastic net regression models with cross validation, together with linear mix effects (LME) models were adopted to investigate whether the neuroanatomical profiles of structural magnetic resonance imaging indicators associated with anxiety level in healthy young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMulti-region nomogram for predicting central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma using multimodal imaging: A multicenter study.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, NO.150 Haping ST, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address:
Background And Objective: Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is associated with high recurrence rate and low survival in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there is no satisfactory model to predict CLNM in PTC. This study aimed to integrate PTC deep learning feature based on ultrasound (US) images, fat radiomics features based on computed tomography (CT) images and clinical characteristics to construct a multimodal and multi-region nomogram (MMRN) for predicting the CLNM in PTC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence of DNA methylation heterogeneity and epipolymorphism in kidney cancer tissue samples.
Oncogene
January 2025
Early Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterised by significant genetic heterogeneity, which has diagnostic and prognostic implications. Very limited evidence is available regarding DNA methylation heterogeneity. We therefore generate sequence level DNA methylation data on 136 multi-region tumour and normal kidney tissue from 18 ccRCC patients, along with matched whole exome sequencing (85 samples) and gene expression (47 samples) data on a subset of samples.
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