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Side effects of mechanical ventilation, such as ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), occur frequently in critically ill patients. Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) has been a valuable tool for diagnosing VIDD by assessing respiratory muscle strength in response to magnetic PNS. The detection of pathophysiologically reduced respiratory muscle strength is correlated with weaning failure, longer mechanical ventilation time, and mortality.

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Diaphragmatic pacing for the prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Brain Commun

September 2022

Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 10 Plum St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is a major problem, and there’s no reliable way to stop it right now.* -
  • Researchers think that breathing problems after a seizure are a big reason for this serious issue, and they believe helping patients breathe right after a seizure could save lives.* -
  • In a study with mice, those that received help to breathe after a seizure (called diaphragmatic pacing) didn't die, showing it could be an important treatment for people with epilepsy.*
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and devastating condition characterized by disruption of descending, ascending, and intrinsic spinal circuitry resulting in chronic neurologic deficits. In addition to limb and trunk sensorimotor deficits, SCI can impair autonomic neurocircuitry such as the motor networks that support respiration and cough. High cervical SCI can cause complete respiratory paralysis, and even lower cervical or thoracic lesions commonly result in partial respiratory impairment.

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[Spinal cord injury (SCI) - Aspects of intensive medical care].

Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther

September 2014

Gesa Leyk und Sven Hirscheld haben zu gleichen Teilen zum Manuskript beigetragen.

With 2000 new cases/year in Germany spinal cord injury (SCI) is quantitatively less important for intensive care medicine than, e.g., sepsis.

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Noninvasive respiratory management of high level spinal cord injury.

J Spinal Cord Med

March 2012

Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University Hospital, NY, USA.

This article describes noninvasive acute and long-term management of the respiratory muscle paralysis of high spinal cord injury (SCI). This includes full-setting, continuous ventilatory support by noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIV) to support inspiratory muscles and mechanically assisted coughing (MAC) to support inspiratory and expiratory muscles. The NIV and MAC can also be used to extubate or decannulate 'unweanable' patients with SCI, to prevent intercurrent respiratory tract infections from developing into pneumonia and acute respiratory failure (ARF), and to eliminate tracheostomy and resort to costly electrophrenic/diaphragm pacing (EPP/DP) for most ventilator users, while permitting glossopharyngeal breathing (GPB) for security in the event of ventilator failure.

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