[Using stromal stem cells for the periodontal tissue regeneration and their interaction with tissue microenvironment].

This review paper describes the evolution of the ideas of periodontal tissue regeneration, starting with the concept of selective cellular repopulation, stimulation of resident precursor cells in the regeneration focus, up to the application of versatile potential of the stromal stem cells (SSC). Effects of stem cells isolated from an embryo, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, are described, as well as the immunophenotype of freshly isolated SSC, that of precultured vascular cell fraction as compared with the immunophenotype of SSC cultured during various time periods. The results of the study of the processes of proliferation and cell differentiation of SSC transplanted into the deep periodontal defects, are analyzed using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and green fluorescent protein. During the process of regeneration, the interaction of transplanted SSC with the local microenvironment is mediated by special membranous cell receptors. The coordination of cell behavior by means of adhesive and communicative contacts which provide a signal platform for the control of cellular functions, is discussed.