A novel method for vertebral fracture quantification from X-ray images is presented. Using pairwise conditional shape models trained on a set of healthy spines, the most likely normal vertebra shapes are estimated conditional on the shapes of all other vertebrae in the image. The difference between the true shape and the reconstructed normal shape is subsequently used as a measure of abnormality. In contrast with the current (semi-)quantitative grading strategies this method takes the full shape into account, it develops a patient-specific reference by combining population-based information on biological variation in vertebral shape and vertebra interrelations, and it provides a continuous measure of deformity. The method is demonstrated on 282 lateral spine radiographs with in total 93 fractures. Vertebral fracture detection is shown to be in good agreement with semi-quantitative scoring by experienced radiologists and is superior to the performance of shape models alone.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.07.004 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
Negative capacitance (NC) effects in ferroelectrics can potentially break fundamental limits of power dissipation known as "Boltzmann tyranny." However, the origin of transient NC of ferroelectrics, which is attributed to two different mechanisms involving free-energy landscape and nucleation, is under intense debate. Here, we report the coexistence of transient NC and an S-shaped anomaly during the switching of ferroelectric hexagonal ferrites capacitor in an RC circuit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Centre for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
A fundamental topological principle is that the container always shapes the content. In neuroscience, this translates into how the brain anatomy shapes brain dynamics. From neuroanatomy, the topology of the mammalian brain can be approximated by local connectivity, accurately described by an exponential distance rule (EDR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer using CT scan images is critical for early detection and treatment, potentially saving numerous lives globally. Manual identification of pancreatic tumors by radiologists is challenging and time-consuming due to the complex nature of CT scan images and variations in tumor shape, size, and location of the pancreatic tumor also make it challenging to detect and classify different types of tumors. Thus, to address this challenge we proposed a four-stage framework of computer-aided diagnosis systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
College of Economics and Management, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, China.
Economic performance is an important indicator of the efficiency and quality of a company's production, which is closely related to the profitability of the company and is crucial for the development of the manufacturing industry.This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework for assessing economic performance within the Chinese manufacturing industry. It achieves this by incorporating inputs, outputs, and energy consumption costs into the production function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang, China.
The hydrodynamic performance of a Savonius type turbine (S-type turbine) in wave field is studied. The method of combining numerical simulation with physical experiment is adopted.Based on linear wave theory and turbulence model, Star CCM+numerical simulation software is used for digital modeling, and overlapping grid technology is used for grid modeling.
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