Toxicol In Vitro
Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
Published: December 2007
In previous study, clotrimazole, an antifungal drug, exerted potent cytotoxic action on rat thymocytes in presence of metal divalent cations such as Cd(2+) and Pb(2+). To reveal one of toxicological characteristics of clotrimazole, we examined the effect of clotrimazole on intracellular concentration of metal divalent cations by flow cytometer with fluo-3, a fluorescent. Simultaneous application of clotrimazole and CdCl(2) significantly decreased the cell viability although their concentrations were not cytotoxic, respectively. Clotrimazole alone increased the intensity of fluo-3 fluorescence, suggesting an increased concentration of intracellular Ca(2+). The intensity of fluo-3 fluorescence augmented by the combination of clotrimazole and CdCl(2) was much higher than that by respective agents. Removal of external Ca(2+) further increased the intensity of fluorescence augmented by the combination. Furthermore, the application of MnCl(2) did not attenuate the intensity in the presence of CdCl(2). Therefore, it is suggested that the augmentation of fluo-3 fluorescence in the simultaneous presence of clotrimazole and CdCl(2) is Cd(2+)-dependent. Clotrimazole may increase membrane permeation of Cd(2+).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.016 | DOI Listing |
Toxicol In Vitro
December 2007
Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
In previous study, clotrimazole, an antifungal drug, exerted potent cytotoxic action on rat thymocytes in presence of metal divalent cations such as Cd(2+) and Pb(2+). To reveal one of toxicological characteristics of clotrimazole, we examined the effect of clotrimazole on intracellular concentration of metal divalent cations by flow cytometer with fluo-3, a fluorescent. Simultaneous application of clotrimazole and CdCl(2) significantly decreased the cell viability although their concentrations were not cytotoxic, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Lett
July 2007
Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
In our previous study, the application of clotrimazole, an antifungal drug, with CdCl(2) or PbCl(2) significantly increased cell lethality of rat thymocytes, even though their individual concentrations were ineffective in affecting the viability. This observation prompted us to study the case for the combination of clotrimazole and ZnCl(2) because the use of zinc as a nutritional supplement has become common. Their combination induced very potent cytotoxic action on rat thymocytes with "bell-shape" dose-response relation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Med Chem
February 2007
Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, Büyükçekmece, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey.
2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) ligand and complexes [M(L)Cl(2)] and [Fe(L)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (M=Zn, Cd, Hg) have been synthesized. The geometries of the [M(L)Cl(2)] complexes were derived from theoretical calculation in DGauss/DFT level (DZVP basis set) on CACHE. The central M(II) ion is penta-coordinated and surrounded by N(3)Cl(2) environment, adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicology
December 2006
Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
Since clotrimazole, known as an antifungal drug, exerts diverse actions on cellular functions, it is expected that clotrimazole can be used for other purposes. This antifungal drug protects the cells overloaded with Ca(2+) by A23187, a calcium ionophore. Therefore, the agent may prevent the cells from death induced by heavy metals such as CdCl(2), PbCl(2), or HgCl(2) that are respectively proposed to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFolia Microbiol (Praha)
July 2006
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Turkey.
1,2-Bis-[2-(5-H/Me/Cl/NO2)-1H-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (L1-L4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-H/Me/Cl)-1H-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (L5-L7) and their complexes with ZnCl2, CdCl2 and HgCl2 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. HgII complexes have a considerably higher antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms.
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