Medical diagnostic decision making, like all decision making instances, involves a cognitive process. It starts with internalizing data, structuring it and generating hypotheses. In simple cases very often the experienced physician utilizes pattern recognition, intuition and retrieval in reaching a diagnostic decision. In more complicated cases more complex cognitive process takes place including the balancing of probabilities and the weighing of evidence. Apart from knowledge and experience, personal traits and perceptions and prejudices play some part in some situations.
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A machine learning-based model to predict POD24 in follicular lymphoma: a study by the Chinese workshop on follicular lymphoma.
Biomark Res
January 2025
Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, P.R. China.
Background: Disease progression within 24 months (POD24) significantly impacts overall survival (OS) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). This study aimed to develop a robust predictive model, FLIPI-C, using a machine learning approach to identify FL patients at high risk of POD24.
Methods: A cohort of 1,938 FL patients (FL1-3a) from seventeen centers nationwide in China was randomly divided into training and internal validation sets (2:1 ratio).
Tumor biomarkers contribute to the diagnosis and clinical management of the O-RADS MRI risk stratification system for epithelial ovarian tumors.
World J Surg Oncol
January 2025
Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
Background: To assess the effectiveness of tumor biomarkers in distinguishing epithelial ovarian tumors (EOTs) and guiding clinical decisions across each Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI risk category, the aim is to prevent unnecessary surgeries for benign lesions, avoid delays in treating malignancies, and benefit individuals requiring fertility preservation or those intolerant to over-extensive surgery.
Methods: A total of 54 benign, 104 borderline, and 203 malignant EOTs (BeEOTs, BEOTs and MEOTs) were enrolled and retrospectively assigned risk scores. The role of tumor biomarkers in diagnosing and managing EOTs within each risk category was evaluated by combining receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with clinicopathological characteristics.
Serum Biomarkers in Transthyretin Amyloidosis: An Overview of Neurofilaments, Cardiac, Renal, and Gastrointestinal Involvement.
Neurol Ther
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv, v for variant) is a genetic disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein in tissues, resulting in progressive dysfunction of multiple organs, including the nervous system, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Noninvasive serum biomarkers have become key tools for diagnosing and monitoring ATTRv. This review examines the role of available biomarkers for neurological, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, and multisystemic involvement in ATTRv.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancing Radiographic Diagnosis: CycleGAN-Based Methods for Reducing Cast Shadow Artifacts in Wrist Radiographs.
J Imaging Inform Med
January 2025
Monash Imaging, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
We extend existing techniques by using generative adversarial network (GAN) models to reduce the appearance of cast shadows in radiographs across various age groups. We retrospectively collected 11,500 adult and paediatric wrist radiographs, evenly divided between those with and without casts. The test subset consisted of 750 radiographs with cast and 750 without cast.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredicting the Invasiveness of Mixed Ground-Glass Nodules Based on Spectral Computed Tomography-Derived Parameters and Tumor Abnormal Protein Levels: Development and Validation of a Model.
Acad Radiol
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China (Y.Y., T.W.). Electronic address:
Rationale And Objectives: Mixed ground-glass nodules (mGGNs) are highly malignant and common nonspecific lung imaging findings. This study aimed to explore whether combining quantitative and qualitative spectral dual-layer detector-based computed tomography (SDCT)-derived parameters with serological tumor abnormal proteins (TAPs) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) expression enhances invasive mGGN diagnostic efficacy and to develop a joint diagnostic model.
Materials And Methods: This prospective study included patients with mGGNs undergoing preoperative triple-phase contrast-enhanced SDCT with TAP and TK1 tests.
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