Recent empirical studies have evaluated if modifying electronic gambling machine (EGM) structural features could encourage safer gambling behaviors and decrease gambling-related problems. Several of these studies refer to Harm Reduction (HR), suggesting that the HR paradigm is useful to design, implement and test the efficacy of various prevention and treatment programs applied to EGM users. After reviewing the origins of HR and specifying its operational definition, this paper discusses the relevance of the HR framework for the study of measures related to EGM use and gambling in general. Examples are given to illustrate the arguments. The results show that HR has been over-inclusive in the field of gambling. A specific and operational definition and application of the HR framework is required for HR to be useful for the advancement of research in the gambling field.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-007-9072-6 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Legal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid widely used for its potent analgesic effects in chronic pain management and intraoperative anesthesia. However, its high potency, low cost, and accessibility have also made it a significant drug of abuse, contributing to the global opioid epidemic. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fentanyl's medical applications, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacogenetics while examining its adverse effects and forensic implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
December 2024
Suicide Action Forum, Seoul 07214, Republic of Korea.
This study investigates the effects of social norms on substance use severity mediated by health beliefs among people who use cannabis, narcotics, and psychotropic substances in Republic of Korea. A survey was administered to 109 people who use cannabis and narcotics and 191 people who use psychotropic substances between May and July 2024. Path analysis was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSyst Rev
January 2025
The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
There has been a global increase in the use of cannabinoids as a treatment for mental health (MH) and substance use disorders (SUD). In 2016, an Australian government-funded review found that although medicinal cannabinoids accounted for a small reduction in MH symptoms, the results varied according to study design. There has since been a rise in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aiming to examine the efficacy of cannabinoids for the treatment of MH and SUD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
January 2025
College of Tobacco Science/Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction/Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China.
Objective: This study explored green manuring effects on microecology, carbon/nitrogen levels, and enzyme activity in tobacco-growing soils.
Methods: After 30,000 kg·hm⁻² overpressure and 28 days of natural decomposition, plants (Hordeum vulgare L. (DM), Secale cereale L.
Trop Med Infect Dis
January 2025
Office of Research and Department of Healthcare Delivery & Population Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate and Baystate Health, Springfield, MA 01107, USA.
Limited research has examined the possible synergistic interrelationships between serious bacterial infections (SBIs) of the heart (i.e., endocarditis), bone, spine, brain, or joints (e.
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