The present review is dedicated to the problem of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in urological surgery. There are considered modern guidelines for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in urology. There are discussed; aims, timing, and duration of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, risk factors of postoperative infections in urological surgery, pharmacological properties of major antimicrobial drugs, selection and route of administration of antibacterial agents. There are presented the recommendations of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for the varies types of urological surgery, as well as, are given in detail the recommendations about clinical uses of antibiotics for the different types of urological interventions. There are concluded, that perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces risk of postoperative infections in urological surgery, but sometimes this prophylaxis is not effective and the problem of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in urology is debatable at present. It is necessary continues search of optimal methods of of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in urology. These review are designed for urologists and clinical pharmacologists.
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