Tuberculosis and more so the multi drug resistant variety has been thrust into the forefront as a serious and life threatening illness in recent years. The advent of AIDS contributes to this substantially, especially in the developed world where it had become practically non- existent. We reviewed our data over the past 20 years with a view to determine when drug resistance began to manifest in the strains.
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Mol Divers
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanhai District of Foshan City, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
Disruption of the mycobacterial redox homeostasis leads to irreversible stress induction and cell death. Hydroquinone scaffolds, as a new type of redox cycling anti-tuberculosis chemotypes, exhibit potent bactericidal activity against non-replicating, nutrient-deprived phenotypically drug-resistant bacteria. Evidences from microbiological, biochemical, and genetic studies indicate that the redox-driven mode of action relies on the reduction of quinones by type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH2), generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) of bactericidal level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
January 2025
College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Background: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection poses a significant health challenge, particularly when involving the central nervous system (CNS), where it leads to severe morbidity and mortality. Current treatments face challenges such as drug resistance, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and persistent inflammation. Glutathione (GSH) has the therapeutic potential to enhance treatment outcomes by improving antibiotic efficacy, reducing inflammation, and mitigating immune dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
infections continue to pose a significant global health challenge, particularly due to the rise of multidrug-resistant strains, random mycobacterial mutations, and the complications associated with short-term antibiotic regimens. Currently, five approved drugs target cell wall biosynthesis in . This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these drugs and their molecular mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
December 2024
Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
(Mtb) is one of the most successful bacterial pathogens in human history. Even in the antibiotic era, Mtb is widespread and causes millions of new cases of tuberculosis each year. The ability to disrupt the host's innate and adaptive immunity, as well as natural persistence, complicates disease control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotics (Basel)
January 2025
Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
Background: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents.
Methods: This study integrates cultivation optimization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fingerprinting, and principal component analysis (PCA) to explore microbial secondary metabolites as potential anti-TB agents.
Results: Using the combined approach, 11 bioactive compounds were isolated and identified, all exhibiting anti- BCG activity.
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