AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to examine how long-term caffeine consumption affects the development of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and their impact on immune response in adult female mice.
- Mice were given caffeine over several days while measuring various immune response metrics, including lymphocyte viability and DNA fragmentation, comparing results with control groups.
- Findings indicated that EAC cell development led to immune suppression, but continued caffeine treatment could potentially inhibit or reverse this immune suppression.
Article Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term consumption of caffeine in the development of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in adult female mice, 25-30 g, in relation to immune response. Mice were treated with caffeine (20 mgkg(-1) daily, p.o.) for 22-27 consecutive days or inoculated with EAC cells (5 x 10(6) cells/mL, i.p.), or both. Control mice, corresponding to experimental groups, were treated with corresponding vehicles under similar conditions. The lymphocyte viability, mitogen-induced proliferating activity, cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation from blood, spleen and thymus of both control and experimental groups were measured as immune response parameters. An immune response index, corticosterone, was also measured in adrenals and plasma under similar conditions. Results showed that development of EAC cells caused immune suppression with a reduction of lymphocyte viability, cytotoxicity and proliferative activity and induction of DNA fragmentation in those tissues, as well as an increase in plasma corticosterone. Though long-term caffeine treatment (which resulted in tolerance to caffeine) alone did not alter significantly any of the immune response parameters studied, including corticosterone status (immune biomarker), the continuation of caffeine treatment during the development of EAC cells either restored or reduced the EAC cell-induced alteration in these parameters, including the HPA axis biomarker. These results suggest that long-term caffeine intake may inhibit or reverse the EAC cell-induced immune suppression.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.59.7.0013 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- A systematic study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of conventional cigarettes compared to e-cigarettes, focusing on their aerosol and smoke components.
- The research discovered that conventional cigarettes (CSC) were significantly more cytotoxic than e-cigarettes (EAC), with results showing EAC required at least 12 times higher concentrations to achieve similar effects on certain cell types.
- Among various flavors tested, Cola-flavored EAC was the most toxic, primarily due to its flavoring agents, while differences in cellular mechanisms were noted, with CSC producing higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibiting autophagy compared to EAC.
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