Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the TGF-beta superfamily, have been implicated in nervous system development and in response to injury. Previous studies have shown that recombinant BMP7 can enhance dendritic growth and protect cultured neurons from oxidative stress. Because of the presence of extracellular BMP antagonists, BMP7 seems to act locally. Therefore, the present study uses BMP7 overexpression using adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer to examine its effect in mixed neuronal cultures. Enhanced BMP7 expression selectively induces neuronal CGRP expression in a time-dependent manner. BMP7 overexpression not only significantly protects cultures from H2O2 toxicity but reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Concurrently, it profoundly reduces microglial numbers, but increases oligodendroglial and endothelial cells. Together, low-dose and continuously expressed BMP7 is both neuroprotective and differentiation-inductive.
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