We report a case of a 65 year old Malay lady with long-standing diabetes mellitus, who presented to our institution with a one month history of worsening neck pain and progressive upper and lower limb weakness. She was stable despite severe hyponatraemia which was initially treated as syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). This was consistent with her underlying illness which was concluded as cervical tuberculosis (TB) with spinal cord compression. She underwent decompression and bone grafting. Despite continuous treatment her serum sodium levels remained low. There were no other problems with her adrenals or thyroid. A water loading and hypertonic saline perfusion test was performed and supported the diagnosis of reset osmostat. Her serum sodium remained below the normal range and she was discharged well.
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J Clin Med
December 2024
NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Blvd., Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
A knowledge gap may exist when attempting to identify the pathogenetic mechanisms resulting in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or hypotonic hyponatremia. Ectopic secretion of antidiuretic hormone [ADH] is the classic cause of SIADH. But another form of inappropriate secretion of ADH occurs when interleukin 6 is activated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
June 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Isala, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Hyponatremia is common, particularly among the elderly. Reset osmostat (RO) serves as an alternative diagnosis to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). There is limited information available regarding the prevalence of RO in outpatient clinics and hospital wards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReset osmostat syndrome (ROS) is characterized by a change of normal plasma osmolality threshold (decrease or increase), which leads to chronic dysnatremia (hypo- or hypernatremia). We have described a clinical case of ROS and chronic hyponatremia in a patient with chordoid glioma of the III ventricle. It is known that the patient had previously been diagnosed with hyponatremia (131-134 mmol/l).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
October 2023
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
The diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of the chronic kidney disease (CKD). Enhanced plasma vasopressin (VP) levels have been associated with the pathophysiology of DKD and CKD. Stimulation of VP release in DKD is caused by glucose-dependent reset of the osmostat leading to secondary pathophysiologic effects mediated by distinct VP receptor types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2023
Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
Hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance encountered among hospitalized patients, athletes, the elderly, patients with chronic ailments, postoperative patients, and a few asymptomatic individuals. Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia can be diverse, with characteristic neurological symptoms. Depending on in-depth medical history, physical examination (including volume status assessment), laboratory investigation, and drug history, patients can be classified broadly as undergoing hypervolemic, euvolemic, or hypovolemic hyponatremia.
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