Partial structures of peptidoglycan were chemically synthesized for elucidation of their precise biological activities. By using an efficient synthetic strategy, mono-, di-, tetra- and octasaccharide fragments of peptidoglycan were synthesized in good yields. The biological activity of synthetic fragments of peptidoglycan was evaluated by induction of TNF-alpha from human monocytes, and TLR2 and NOD2 dependencies by using transfected HEK293 cells, respectively. We revealed that TLR2 was not stimulated by the series of synthetic peptidoglycan partial structures, whereas NOD2 recognizes the partial structures containing the MDP moiety. We also synthesized potent NOD1 agonists, which showed several hundred-fold stronger activity than gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP). Interaction of PGRPs with synthetic peptidoglycan fragments is also described.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968051907080739 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Social Support Increases Resilience and Affect in Non-Displaced Ukrainians and Refugees After a Year of War.
Psicothema
April 2024
Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir (Spain).
Background: This study investigates the impact of social support on resilience and affect among Ukrainian individuals affected by war (non-displaced persons and refugees), one year after the onset of the conflict.
Method: A total of 344 participants were recruited and categorized into two groups: non-displaced individuals and refugees. Measures included the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess associated cerebral supratentorial anomalies in patients who underwent myelomeningocele repair in hopes of developing a better morphological apprehension of the forebrain's anomalies in this category of patients.
Material And Methods: This retrospective observational study assessed 426 pediatric patients who underwent myelomeningocele repair between January 2013 and December 2020. Cranial MRIs with T1- and T2-weighted sequences were obtained as part of the postoperative assessment to determine the presence of associated supratentorial anomalies in pediatric patients following myelomeningocele repair.
Metacavities by harnessing the linear-crossing metamaterials.
Nanophotonics
January 2025
MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
The formed optical cavity mode intensively relies on the size and geometry of optical cavity. When the defect or impurity exists inside the cavity, the formed cavity mode will be destroyed. Here, we propose a metacavity consisting of arrays of linear-crossing metamaterials (LCMMs) with abnormal dispersion, where each LCMM offers both the directional propagation channel for all incident angles and the negative refraction across its neighboring LCMMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering the complex molecular architecture of the genetically modified soybean FG72 through paired-end whole genome sequencing.
Food Chem (Oxf)
June 2025
Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
The clear molecular characterization of genetically modified (GM) plants and animals is a prerequisite for obtaining regulatory approval and safety certification for commercial cultivation. This characterization includes the identification of the transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion site, its flanking sequences, the copy number of inserted genes, and the detection of any unintended genomic alterations accompanying the transformation process. In this study, we performed a comprehensive molecular characterization of the well-known GM soybean event FG72 using paired-end whole-genome sequencing (PE-WGS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding how vitamins and fertilizers interact in aquatic environments is crucial for managing water quality, protecting aquatic life, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The molecular interactions between nicotinamide (NA) and two fertilizers, potassium chloride (KCl) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), were examined by density () and viscosity () measurements in order to investigate and analyze the solvation behavior that occurs in the ternary solutions (NA + KCl/DAP + water). All of these investigations were conducted at temperatures ranging from 293.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!