Functional regions within the map of a single digit in raccoon primary somatosensory cortex.

Electrophysiological recordings were made at a large number of sites in the primary somatosensory cortex of six anesthetized raccoons. A high density of penetrations (110-229 per animal), within or near the representation of the fourth digit, allowed identification of three cortical regions with different physiological properties: a glabrous zone, containing a highly detailed, somatotopically ordered representation of the glabrous surface of the digit; rostral to this a claw-dominant zone, in which the neurons at most penetrations respond to stimulation of the claw of the fourth digit, but may also receive input from the hairy skin or surrounding glabrous skin; and a more rostral multidigit zone, in which the neurons respond to stimulation of two to five digits, with the dominant digit usually being the one represented caudally (i.e., the fourth digit at most of the sites sampled here). Claw-dominant zones with receptive fields restricted to digit three or five are also found rostral to the representations of the glabrous skin of the corresponding digit. The glabrous and claw-dominant zones constitute a complete map of the fourth digit. The multidigit region presumably is a separate map, since its neurons have different spatial convergence, higher thresholds, and a lower incidence of slowly adapting inputs than those in the claw-dominant and glabrous zones. A comparison between animals with lesions of the basal forebrain and intact animals found no differences in the organization of these zones or in the responses to peripheral input, suggesting that cholinergic inputs to the cortex are not essential to these properties. The detailed description of these regions and the proposed terminology should resolve some inconsistencies in the use of the term "heterogeneous zone" in this species.