In this paper, the biological traits, physiological parameters, and enzyme activities related to N assimilation and metabolism of wheat varieties with different nitrogen (N) efficiency were studied under low and high N supply. The results showed that under low N supply, the dry mass of root, leaf, and stem as well as the accumulated N amount in plant were in the order of high N efficiency variety > mid N efficiency variety > low N efficiency variety. The variety with high N uptake efficiency (Ji 97-6360) under low N supply had the highest root active absorption area and TTC-reductive activity and the highest leaf nitrate reductase activity and NO3- content, while the variety with high N physiological efficiency (Shixin 5418) had higher nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activities but lower NO3- content and NR activity in its leaf. There was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen uptake index (NUI) under low N supply. The biological traits, physiological parameters, and enzyme activities related to nitrogen assimilation and metabolism of test wheat varieties were not always the same under high and low N supply.
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