Due to the complexity of neurosurgical and neuroradiologic interventions and diagnostic procedures in pediatric patients the anesthesiologist is particularly challenged. Anesthesiological management in neuropediatric interventions necessitates both profound knowledge of pediatric anesthesia and thorough understanding of neurological pathophysiology. This review describes in detail neuropediatric anesthesiology with an emphasis on airway management, intraoperative positioning, volume therapy and intraoperative monitoring.
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