Immune modulators, such as interferon beta (IFNB) and glatiramer acetate (GA), have focused on T cells as the primary therapeutic target. In the past few year several novel therapeutic strategies have emerged that will be reviewed here. These include treatments that modify the immune balance in general, others that inhibit more specifically various key players of the immune response such as antibody-dependent, and antibody-independent B cell responses in MS, but also some that inhibit migration of inflammatory cells to the central nervous system (CNS). At this time, there are several phase III trials in relapsing-remitting MS with promising agents, including intravenous agents administered once or twice a year (alemtuzumab, rituximab) and oral agents (FTY720, fumaric acid, laquinomod). Finally, new therapeutic approaches are now also addressing neuroprotection and CNS repair.
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Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease primarily treated through molecular-targeted therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions may also play a role in managing inflammation associated with this condition. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), prevalent in southern European countries, has been widely recognized for its ability to reduce cardiovascular mortality, largely due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
N Engl J Med
January 2025
From Médecins Sans Frontières (L.G., F.V.), Sorbonne Université, INSERM Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (L.G.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux (L.G.), and Epicentre (M.G., E. Baudin), Paris, and Translational Research on HIV and Endemic and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Montpellier Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier (M.B.) - all in France; Interactive Development and Research, Singapore (U.K.); McGill University, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Montreal (U.K.); UCSF Center for Tuberculosis (G.E.V., P.N., P.P.J.P.) and the Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine (G.E.V.), University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the National Scientific Center of Phthisiopulmonology (A.A., E. Berikova) and the Center of Phthisiopulmonology of Almaty Health Department (A.K.), Almaty, and the City Center of Phthisiopulmonology, Astana (Z.D.) - all in Kazakhstan; Médecins Sans Frontières (C.B., I.M.), the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (I.M.), and St. George's University of London Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.W.) - all in London; MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC (M.C.); Médecins Sans Frontières, Mumbai (V. Chavan), the Indian Council of Medical Research Headquarters-New Delhi, New Delhi (S. Panda), and the Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune (S. Patil) - all in India; the Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (V. Cox) and the Department of Medicine (H. McIlleron), University of Cape Town, and the Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (S.W.) - both in Cape Town, South Africa; the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium (B. C. J.); Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva (G.F., N.L.); Médecins Sans Frontières, Yerevan, Armenia (O.K.); the National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia (N.K.); Partners In Health (M.K.) and Jhpiego Lesotho (L.O.) - both in Maseru; Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru (L.L., S.M.-T., J.R., E.S.-G., D.E.V.-V.), Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales, Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Neumologicas (E.S.-G.), Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (E.T.), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (E.T.), and Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue (D.E.V.-V.) - all in Lima; Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School (L.L., K.J.S., M.L.R., C.D.M.), Partners In Health (L.L., K.J.S., M.L.R., C.D.M.), the Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital (K.J.S., M.L.R., C.D.M.), the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, (L.T.), and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (L.T.) - all in Boston; and the Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan (H. Mushtaque, N.S.).
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