Progress in successful surgical treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been based on adjunctive treatment of the hypopharynx. Still the palate and oropharynx are the major areas of intervention, and certainly the most commonly operated upon. To ensure a successful outcome, appropriate surgical candidates must be identified. The authors present a method of clinical staging based on the position of the tongue relative to the soft palate as well as the size of the tonsils, aimed at identifying the most likely level of obstruction in patients who have OSAHS. We also present several surgical techniques that address obstruction at the level of the soft palate and oropharynx.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2007.04.010 | DOI Listing |
JPRAS Open
March 2025
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Background: The excision of oropharyngeal carcinoma of more than 50% of the soft palate followed by static reconstruction may result in functional deficits, including velopharyngeal insufficiency, swallowing, and speech difficulties. We describe a functional soft palate reconstruction technique aimed at restoring aeromechanical and acoustic functions, enabling swallowing without nasal regurgitation and speech with low nasalance.
Material And Methods: We developed a new operative technique, using muscle transfer and a free flap to create a dynamic reconstruction.
Anat Histol Embryol
January 2025
Laboratório de Morfologia e Atividade Física, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu, Linnaeus, 1758) is a mammalian Tayassuidae species from tropical to semi-arid areas. The morphological features of the oral cavity in this species were identified and described. Tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs essential for contact with antigens due to food and air intake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Orthod
December 2024
Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario 'Gaspare Rodolico-San Marco', Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
Background/objectives: Evidence suggests nasal airflow resistance reduces after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, the medium-term effects of RME on upper airway (UA) airflow characteristics when normal craniofacial development is considered are still unclear. This retrospective cohort study used computer fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the medium-term changes in the UA airflow (pressure and velocity) after RME in two distinct age-based cohorts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEquine Vet J
January 2025
University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK.
Background: Obesity has been associated with human obstructive sleep apnoea and canine brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. The effect of body condition score (BCS) on structures of the oropharynx, nasopharynx and upper airway of the horse has not been investigated.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of BCS on tongue measurements, soft palate angle and basihyoid depth in horses.
Congenit Anom (Kyoto)
December 2024
Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in the oropharyngeal epithelium, including the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ), which is defined as the boundary between Shh and Fgf8 expression domains in the frontonasal epithelium. To investigate the role of SHH signaling from the oropharyngeal epithelium, we generated mice in which Shh expression is specifically deleted in the oropharyngeal epithelium (Isl1-Cre; Shh). In the mutant mouse, Shh expression was excised in the oropharyngeal epithelium as well as FEZ and ventral forebrain, consistent with the expression pattern of Isl1.
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