For centuries, the colonial governments used a combination of race and ethnic characteristics to subjugate and control people of color, and scientists of the day provided evidence of the "natural order of things" to support national policies of domination, segregation and control. There have been many examples of events in the past 70 years to suggest that achievements by ethnic peoples are not genetically determined and that race and ethnicity are merely terms to describe external features, language, culture, social mores and folklore. BiDil was the first drug in this country approved by the FDA for use in a single "race" after a clinical trial that enrolled only members of that race. Thus arose the question of the efficacy of doing race-based research in humans. In order for this kind of research to have any scientific basis, each individually defined or self-declared race would have to have a 100% pure gene pool, and the data show that the gene pool among whites, blacks and Hispanics in America is very heterogeneous. This makes for far greater similarities among U.S. citizens than any perceived differences, and genomic science has failed to support the concept of racial categories in medicine. Scientists involved with the first mapping of the human genome have noted that there is no basis in the genetic code for race. That being the case, there appears to be no justification for race-based research among human beings.
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Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
January 2025
To explore the hypothesis of "pathogen storage pool" by analyzing the local microbial community of adenoids. Under the guidance of a 70° nasal endoscope, sterile swabs were used to collect secretions from the adenoid crypts of the subjects. The samples were sent to the laboratory for DNA extraction and standard bacterial 16S full-length sequencing analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Death Differ
December 2024
Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
Germline inactivating mutations of the SLC25A1 gene contribute to various human disorders, including Velocardiofacial (VCFS), DiGeorge (DGS) syndromes and combined D/L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D/L-2HGA), a severe systemic disease characterized by the accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2HG). The mechanisms by which SLC25A1 loss leads to these syndromes remain largely unclear. Here, we describe a mouse model of SLC25A1 deficiency that mimics human VCFS/DGS and D/L-2HGA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, USA.
Coral reef sponges efficiently take up particulate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the water column and release compounds such as nucleosides, amino acids, and other dissolved metabolites to the surrounding reef via their exhalent seawater, but the influence of this process on reef picoplankton and nutrient processing is relatively unexplored. Here we examined the impact of sponge exhalent on the reef picoplankon community and subsequent alterations to the reef dissolved metabolite pool. We exposed reef picoplankton communities to a sponge exhalent water mixture (Niphates digitalis and Xestospongia muta) or filtered reef seawater (control) in closed, container-based dark incubations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunity
December 2024
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Innate-like splenic marginal zone (MZ) B (MZB) cells play unique roles in immunity due to their rapid responsiveness to blood-borne microbes. How MZB cells integrate cell-extrinsic and -intrinsic processes to achieve accelerated responsiveness is unclear. We found that Delta-like1 (Dll1) Notch ligands in splenic fibroblasts regulated MZB cell pool size, migration, and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fungi (Basel)
December 2024
Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 420111 Kazan, Russia.
Our study investigates the intra- and interpopulation diversity of phytopathogenic fungi, using as a model organism. A total of 136 strains, representing two populations, were collected from different winter cereal crops (rye, wheat, and triticale) across two agrocenoses. In these strains, we analyzed and compared genetic and phenotypic traits, exploring potential relationships between them.
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