Purpose: To describe a previously uncharacterized structural specialization in the mouse lens fiber cell and to delineate its emergence relative to lens development and fiber cell differentiation.
Methods: Lens fixation efficiency was explored using (14)C-formaldehyde and autoradiography. Lens fiber cell architecture was examined by scanning electron microscopy and by DiI labeling of methacrylate sections in lenses ranging from 2 weeks to 8 months.
Results: Scanning electron microscopy identified an elaborate structural specialization that emerges late in fiber cell differentiation, largely after the cell has lost its nucleus. These elaborations project from the short side of the cell, are regularly spaced throughout the central region of the cell and are aligned with similar structures in adjacent cells. The structures are not found in fiber cells of lenses younger than two weeks of age, nor in the fiber cells that initially differentiate before that time.
Conclusions: Fiber cells that arise later than 2 weeks of age undergo a structural differentiation program that is different from that of cells that arise earlier in development. This program includes the assembly of a series of regularly spaced, complex, lateral projections from the fiber cell that align themselves with similar structures in adjacent cells. Most if not all of the structural specialization occurs in cells that have lost their nuclei and organelles, suggesting that this component of fiber cell differentiation may not require ongoing transcription/translation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0109 | DOI Listing |
Biochem Genet
January 2025
Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Although DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and RNA editor ADAR triplications exist in Down syndrome (DS), their specific roles remain unclear. DNMT methylates DNA, yielding S-adenosine homocysteine (SAH), subsequently converted to homocysteine (Hcy) and adenosine by S-adenosine homocysteine (Hcy) hydrolase (SAHH). ADAR converts adenosine to inosine and uric acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Mater
January 2025
School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
The rational design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with both high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is of crucial importance for achieving high-efficiency and low-energy-loss organic solar cells (OSCs). However, increasing the crystallinity of an NFA tends to decrease its PLQY, which results in a high non-radiative energy loss in OSCs. Here we demonstrate that the crystallinity and PLQY of NFAs can be fine-tuned by asymmetrically adapting the branching position of alkyl chains on the thiophene unit of the L8-BO acceptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the linchpin of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. Broadly, the function of the NMJ is to transduce nerve action potentials into muscle fiber action potentials (MFAPs). Efficient neuromuscular transmission requires both cholinergic signaling, responsible for generation of endplate potentials (EPPs), and excitation, the amplification of the EPP by postsynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
Background/aims: To identify the risk factors for neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) following corneal refractive surgery and to report its clinical manifestations, imaging and proteomic characteristics.
Methods: This 1 year prospective cohort study included 100 eyes that underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Ocular surface assessments, in-vivo confocal microscopy scans, tear neuromediators and proteomics analyses were performed.
Neuropharmacology
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA. Electronic address:
Kappa opioid receptors (KOR) expressed by peripheral pain-sensing neurons (nociceptors) are a promising target for development of effective and safer analgesics for inflammatory pain that are devoid of central nervous system adverse effects. Here we sought to delineate the signaling pathways that underlie peripheral KOR-mediated antinociception in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In an inflammatory model of pain, local intraplantar (i.
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