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Administration of a Selective Antagonist for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor in the Hippocampus Causes Anxiolytic Effects in the Male Rat.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep
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Lab of Animal Behavior and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) affects rodents' stress-related behaviors, such as anxiety-like behavior or fear conditioning. However, previous studies have investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular, but not hippocampal, injection of this PAC1R-selective antagonist (PACAP-6-38) on anxiety-like behavior. However, it has been reported that administration of PACAP-6-38 to the dorsal hippocampus reduces the fear response in a fear conditioning test.
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Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates new complexes formed between gallium(III) and various thiouracil derivatives, examining their properties in aqueous solutions at low concentrations.
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Aliphatic-acid coating and nano chitosan nucleator synergistically regulate the performance of PMMA "bone-Locking" foam dressing used for emergency fixation of clavicle fracture.
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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China. Electronic address:
Clavicle emergency fixation can prevent fractured end from piercing heart and lung organs, which is crucial for wounded life. Clavicle with complex structure, great individual differences, and adjacent to important organs, which places high-requirements on performance of fixation materials. Developing advanced clavicle fixation material is a prominent hot-topic in the field of emergency-engineering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholinergic modulation of upper airway control: maturational changes and mechanisms at cellular and synaptic levels.
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Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States.
Respiration is governed by a central rhythm and pattern generator, which has the pre-Bötzinger complex as the inspiratory oscillator initiating the coordinated activity of several respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm, intercostals, and upper airway muscles. The diaphragm is the main inspiratory pump muscle driving inflow, whereas dilator upper airway muscles, such as tongue muscles, reduce airway resistance during inspiration. Breathing exhibits a marked state-dependent pattern attributed to changes in neuromodulatory tone in respiratory-related brain regions, including decreases in noradrenaline and serotonin and increases in acetylcholine levels during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProstaglandin E production in the brainstem parabrachial nucleus facilitates the febrile response.
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Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Our body temperature is normally kept within a narrow range of 1°C. For example, if our body temperature rises, such as in a hot environment or due to strenuous exercise, our thermoregulatory system will trigger a powerful heat defense response with vasodilation, sweating, and lowered metabolism. During fever, which often involves body temperatures of up to 41°C, this heat defense mechanism is apparently inhibited; otherwise, the rising body temperature would be immediately combated, and fever would not be allowed to develop.
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