Recent advances in the neural stem cell field have provided a wealth of methods for generating large amounts of purified neuronal precursor cells. It has become a question of paramount importance to determine whether these cells integrate and interact with established neural circuitry after engraftment. In principle, neurons have to fulfill three basic functions: receive incoming signals via synapses, compute and forward processed information to other neurons or effector cells. It is anticipated that functionally integrating stem cell-derived donor neurons perform accordingly. Here we provide protocols for the efficient electrophysiological evaluation of engrafted cells and highlight current limitations thereof.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.230 | DOI Listing |
Acta Otolaryngol
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Haydarpasa Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Background: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of honey bee propolis, has been demonstrated in animal models and studies to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and cytoprotective properties.
Objective: We investigated the efficacy of CAPE, which we believe may be therapeutically useful in facial nerve restoration due to its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.
Material And Methods: 20 Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 primary and 2 secondary groups and assigned as control, methylprednisolone, CAPE, CAPE+methylprednisolone groups and the sham and the trauma groups.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by complex pathophysiological changes affecting both autonomic and somatic components of the nervous system. Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized contributors to the pathogenesis of DN. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) in alleviating DN symptoms, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Physiol Sci
January 2025
National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, 444-8787, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address:
The volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying or volume-regulated anion channel, VSOR/VRAC, which was discovered in 1988, is expressed in most vertebrate cell types, and is essentially involved in cell volume regulation after swelling and in the induction of cell death. This series of review articles describes what is already known and what remains to be uncovered about the functional and molecular properties as well as the physiological and pathophysiological roles of VSOR/VRAC. This Part 2 review article describes, from the physiological and pathophysiological standpoints, first the pivotal roles of VSOR/VRAC in the release of autocrine/paracrine organic signal molecules, such as glutamate, ATP, glutathione, cGAMP, and itaconate, as well as second the swelling-independent and -dependent activation mechanisms of VSOR/VRAC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods
January 2025
Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 50103, Lithuania; Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 51368, Lithuania.
Gap junction (GJ) channels, formed of connexin (Cx) protein, enable direct intercellular communication in most vertebrate tissues. One of the key biophysical characteristics of these channels is their unitary conductance, which can be affected by mutations in Cx genes and various biochemical factors, such as posttranslational modifications. Due to the unique intercellular configuration of GJ channels, recording single-channel currents is challenging, and precise data on unitary conductances of some Cx isoforms remain limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
January 2025
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China. Electronic address:
Background: The antiarrhythmic effect of melatonin(MLT) has been demonstrated in several studies; however, this hypothesis has recently been contested. Our research seeks to determine if exogenous MLT supplementation can reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) susceptibility due to sleep deprivation (SD) by addressing Ca mishandling and atrial mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Methods: Adult rats received daily MLT or vehicle injections and were exposed to a modified water tank.
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