The release of neurotransmitter via exocytosis is a highly conserved, fundamental feature of nervous system function. At conventional synapses, neurotransmitter release occurs as a brief burst of exocytosis triggered by an action potential. By contrast, at the first synapse of the vertebrate visual pathway, not only is the calcium-dependent release of neurotransmitter typically graded with respect to the presynaptic membrane potential, but release can be maintained throughout the duration of a sustained stimulus. The specializations that provide for graded and sustained release are not well-defined. However, recent advances in our understanding of basic synaptic vesicle dynamics and the calcium sensitivity of the release process at these and other central, glutamatergic neurons have shed some light on the photoreceptor's extraordinary abilities.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2375520 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.137927 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Dense-core vesicles contain exosomes in secretory cells.
Biophys J
January 2025
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Dr., Bldg. 35, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Electronic address:
Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are found in various types of cells, such as neurons, pancreatic β-cells, and chromaffin cells. These vesicles release transmitters, peptides, and hormones to regulate diverse functions, such as the stress response, immune response, behavior, and blood glucose levels. In traditional electron microscopy after chemical fixation, it is often reported that the dense cores occupy a portion of the vesicle towards the center and are surrounded by a clear halo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfiltrating peripheral monocyte TREM-1 mediates dopaminergic neuron injury in substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease model mice.
Cell Death Dis
January 2025
NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China.
Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and infiltration of peripheral immune cells contribute to dopaminergic neuron loss. However, the role of peripheral immune responses, particularly triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), in PD remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA review of electroacupuncture in bone repair: Mechanisms and clinical implications.
Medicine (Baltimore)
November 2024
Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China.
The journey of bone repair is a lengthy process. Traditionally, oral or topical medications have been employed to facilitate healing, approaches that are not only costly but may also lead to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal damage. With advancements in electrophysiology, the significance of bioelectric activity in tissue repair has become increasingly prominent, thereby enhancing the focus on research into electroacupuncture (EA) for bone repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndependently engaging protein tethers of different length enhance synaptic vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane.
J Physiol
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking toward the plasma membrane (PM) and subsequent SV maturation are essential for neurotransmitter release. These processes, including SV docking and priming, are co-ordinated by various proteins, such as SNAREs, Munc13 and synaptotagmin (Syt), which connect (tether) the SV to the PM. Here, we investigated how tethers of varying lengths mediate SV docking using a simplified mathematical model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Dual-Color Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Assay to Measure Endocytic Trafficking of Surface Proteins.
Methods Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Many membrane proteins on the cell surface are constantly internalized from, and re-delivered to, the plasma membrane. This endocytic cycling, which relies on accurate SNARE-mediated fusion of vesicles containing cargo proteins, is highly important for the function of many proteins such as signaling receptors. While the SNARE proteins that mediate fusion during specific events, such as neurotransmitter and hormone release, in mammalian cells has been heavily studied, the SNARE proteins that mediate surface delivery of specific cargo such as the receptors for these released factors are still not known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!